Silvopastoral systems for offsetting livestock emissions in the tropics: a case study of a dairy farm in Costa Rica.
Silvopastoral systems for offsetting livestock emissions in the tropics: a case study of a dairy farm in Costa Rica.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13593-022-00834-z
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Chadwick, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brook, Robert;Forster, Eilidh;Styles, David;Mazzetto, Andre Mancebo;Arndt, Claudia;Esquivel, M. Jimena;Chadwick, David
人们正在寻找减少反刍家畜养殖对环境影响的方法。人们一直主张将树木纳入农业系统，作为提供生态系统服务的一项措施，特别是气候调节和适应、水质调节、提供纤维、燃料和栖息地，以支持生物多样性。尽管在热带地区，特别是在拉丁美洲，养牛业迅速扩张，但几乎没有强有力的证据表明树木能够在多大程度上减轻这一生态区养牛业的影响。本文描述了在哥斯达黎加的一个大型专业奶牛场进行的案例研究，其中三分之二的场边界是活树围栏。本研究首次通过估算热带森林系统（SPS）的碳固存率来量化树木的抵消潜力。在30个月的时间间隔内，树木在地上和地下封存了1.43 Mg C ha−1年−1。归因生命周期评估（LCA）（从摇篮到农场大门）应用于计算2016年至2018年农场生产的牛奶的碳足迹。围栏内的树木抵消了21-37%的牛奶足迹，导致每千克牛奶产生0.75±0.25至0.84±0.26千克二氧化碳的剩余净足迹。排除可能不在国家排放清单核算范围内的生命周期排放（例如化肥制造和饲料生产），将牛奶总足迹的平均抵消量从27%提高到34%。尽管基于暂时有限的数据（30个月），但我们的研究结果表明，围栏SPS可以在畜牧业生产的中短期气候减缓中发挥重要作用，为部署长期减缓和适应规划争取时间。在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1007/s13593-022-00834-z获得。
Ways are being sought to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant livestock farming. Integration of trees into farming systems has been advocated as a measure to deliver ecosystem services, inter alia climate regulation and adaptation, water quality regulation, provisioning of fibre, fuel and habitats to support biodiversity. Despite the rapid expansion of cattle farming in the tropics, notably in Latin America, there is little robust evidence on the extent to which trees are able to mitigate the effects of cattle farming in this ecological zone. This article describes a case study conducted on a large, specialised dairy farm in Costa Rica, where two-thirds of the field boundaries are live tree fences. For the first time, this study quantifies the offset potential of trees by estimating rate of carbon sequestration in a silvopastoral system (SPS) in the tropics. It was found that over a 30-month interval, trees sequestered 1.43 Mg C ha−1 year−1 above and below ground. Attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) (cradle to farm gate) was applied to calculate the carbon footprint of milk produced on the farm for the years 2016 to 2018. Trees in live fences offset 21–37% of milk footprints, resulting in residual net footprints of 0.75±0.25 to 0.84±0.26 kg CO2 eq. kg−1 milk. Exclusion of life cycle emissions that may not fall within national emission inventory accounting (e.g. fertiliser manufacture and feed production) increased the mean offset from 27 to 34% of gross milk footprint. Although based on temporally limited data (30 months), our findings indicate that a live fence SPS could play an important role in short- to medium-term climate mitigation from livestock production, buying time for deployment of long-term mitigation and adaptation planning. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13593-022-00834-z.
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