SWAT-CS: Revision and testing of SWAT for Canadian Shield catchments
SWAT-CS: Revision and testing of SWAT for Canadian Shield catchments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.023
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发表时间：
2014-04-16
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Yao, Huaxia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fu, Congsheng;James, April L.;Yao, Huaxia
加拿大地盾集水区正受到各种类型开发的越来越大的压力（例如，采矿和增加的村舍）和气候变化。在加拿大地盾的南部，集水区的特点一般是浅森林土壤，高渗透率和低基岩渗透，产生很少的地表径流，大孔隙和地下流是重要的径流生成过程。大量的湿地和湖泊也是重要的自然地理特征，在这种气候下，雪过程对流域建模至关重要。我们已经修改了现有的，公开可用的SWAT（版本2009.10.1 Beta 3），以创建SWAT-CS，一个代表水文过程的版本主导加拿大盾集水区，森林延伸到前寒武纪盾基岩。在这项研究之前，很少有研究应用SWAT加拿大地盾集水区存在（我们已经找到三个）。我们测试SWAT-CS使用竖琴湖流域数据集，安大略环境部研究站位于中南部安大略。根据30年的观测数据对模拟进行了评估，包括来自六个源头子流域（0.11.9 km（2））的流量，Harp湖（5.4 km（2））的流出量和五年的每周雪水当量（SWE）。最好的纳什-萨克利夫效率（NSE）的结果，每日径流校准，每日径流验证，和SWE分别为0.60，0.65和0.87，子集水区HP4（详细的土地利用和土壤数据）。对于这一范围内的集水规模，土地覆盖和土壤特性被认为是跨子集水具有相似的地文特征，即径流从其余五个子集水可以很好地使用子集水HP4参数化建模。竖琴湖流出很好地模拟使用现有的基于目标的释放方法，生成的NSE分别为0.72和0.67的校准和验证期。随着渗透模块的显著变化（引入大孔隙流和减少基岩渗透），超过90%的interflow产生接近土壤-基岩界面和地下水流量对总径流的贡献减少到很小的数量，符合水文过程的理解，在这个地形。这两个变化也允许的NSE之间的正线性关系的SWE和Q，而在这些变化之前，有一个负的关系。通过对渗透和基岩渗透模块的这些关键修改，可以得出结论，SWAT-CS可以合理地捕获加拿大地盾流域内的关键水文过程。进一步的测试将检查水质建模和更大规模的应用。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Canadian Shield catchments are under increasing pressure from various types of development (e.g., mining and increased cottagers) and changing climate. Within the southern part of the Canadian Shield, catchments are generally characterized by shallow forested soils with high infiltration rates and low bedrock infiltration, generating little overland flow, and macropore and subsurface flow are important streamflow generation processes. Large numbers of wetlands and lakes are also key physiographic features, and snow-processes are critical to catchment modeling in this climate. We have revised the existing, publicly available SWAT (version 2009.10.1 Beta 3) to create SWAT-CS, a version representing hydrological processes dominating Canadian Shield catchments, where forest extends over Precambrian Shield bedrock. Prior to this study, very few studies applying SWAT to Canadian Shield catchments exist (we have found three). We tested SWAT-CS using the Harp Lake catchment dataset, an Ontario Ministry of Environment research station located in south-central Ontario. Simulations were evaluated against 30 years of observational data, including streamflow from six headwater sub-catchments (0.11.9 km(2)), outflow from Harp Lake (5.4 km(2)) and five years of weekly snow water equivalent (SWE). The best Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) results for daily streamflow calibration, daily streamflow validation, and SWE were 0.60, 0.65, and 0.87, respectively, for sub-catchment HP4 (with detailed land use and soil data). For this range of catchment scales, land cover and soil properties were found to be transferable across sub-catchments with similar physiographic features, namely streamflow from the remaining five sub-catchments could be modeled well using sub-catchment HP4 parameterization. The Harp Lake outflow was well modeled using the existing reservoir-based target release method, generating NSEs of 0.72 and 0.67 for calibration and verification periods respectively. With significant changes to the infiltration module (introducing macropore flow and reduced bedrock percolation), more than 90% of interflow was generated close to the soil-bedrock interface and the contribution of groundwater flow to total runoff was reduced to small amounts, consistent with hydrological process understanding in this terrain. These two changes also allowed for a positive linear relationship between NSE of SWE and Q whereas prior to these changes there was a negative relationship. With these key revisions to the infiltration and bedrock percolations modules, it is concluded that SWAT-CS can reasonably capture key hydrological processes within Canadian Shield catchments. Further testing will examine water quality modeling and larger-scale applications. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.