An inventory of invasive alien species in China
An inventory of invasive alien species in China
复制标题
DOI：
10.3897/neobiota.15.3575
复制
发表时间：
2012-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haigen Xu;S. Qiang;P. Genovesi;Hui Ding;Jun Wu;L. Meng;Zhengmin Han;J. Miao;Baishi Hu;
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haigen Xu;S. Qiang;P. Genovesi;Hui Ding;Jun Wu;L. Meng;Zhengmin Han;J. Miao;Baishi Hu;
外来入侵物种是一项需要采取紧急行动的重大全球挑战，《生物多样性公约》的《生物多样性战略计划(2011-2020年)》包括了这一问题的目标。要达到目标，需要了解入侵模式。然而，对入侵行为的国家或区域分析仅限于发达国家。根据已有的文献和野外工作，我们在中国的陆地生境、内陆水域和海洋生态系统中鉴定了488种IAS，包括171种动物、265种植物、26种真菌、3种原生动物、11种原核生物和12种病毒。陆生植物占IAS总数的51.6%，陆生无脊椎动物(104种)占21.3%。其中67.9%的植物IAS和34.8%的动物IAS是有意引入的。所有其他分类群都是无意中引入的，尽管很少有自然入侵的动植物物种。就生境而言，64.3%的国际生境发生在农田，13.9%发生在森林，8.4%发生在海洋生态系统，7.3%发生在内陆水域，6.1%发生在居民区。其中一半(51.1%)来自北美和南美洲，18.3%来自欧洲，17.3%来自亚洲(不包括中国)，7.2%来自非洲，1.8%来自大洋洲，其余4.3%的国际AS来源不明。IAS的分布可分为三个区域。国际会计准则主要分布在沿海省份和云南省，中国中部省份较少，中国西部省份最少。最早发现IAS的地点主要分布在沿海地区、云南省和新疆维吾尔自治区。自1850年以来，新出现的国际会计准则的数量一直在增加。首次检测到的免疫活性物质的累计数量呈指数增长。
Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major global challenge requiring urgent action, and the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (2011–2020) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) includes a target on the issue. Meeting the target requires an understanding of invasion patterns. However, national or regional analyses of invasions are limited to developed countries. We identified 488 IAS in China’s terrestrial habitats, inland waters and marine ecosystems based on available literature and field work, including 171 animals, 265 plants, 26 fungi, 3 protists, 11 procaryots, and 12 viruses. Terrestrial plants account for 51.6% of the total number of IAS, and terrestrial invertebrates (104 species) for 21.3%. Of the total numbers, 67.9% of plant IAS and 34.8% of animal IAS were introduced intentionally. All other taxa were introduced unintentionally despite very few animal and plant species that invaded naturally. In terms of habitats, 64.3% of IAS occur on farmlands, 13.9% in forests, 8.4% in marine ecosystems, 7.3% in inland waters, and 6.1% in residential areas. Half of all IAS (51.1%) originate from North and South America, 18.3% from Europe, 17.3% from Asia not including China, 7.2% from Africa, 1.8% from Oceania, and the origin of the remaining 4.3% IAS is unknown. The distribution of IAS can be divided into three zones. Most IAS are distributed in coastal provinces and the Yunnan province; provinces in Middle China have fewer IAS, and most provinces in West China have the least number of IAS. Sites where IAS were first detected are mainly distributed in the coastal region, the Yunnan Province and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The number of newly emerged IAS has been increasing since 1850. The cumulative number of firstly detected IAS grew exponentially.