Citizen Science and the Urban Ecology of Birds and Butterflies — A Systematic Review
Citizen Science and the Urban Ecology of Birds and Butterflies — A Systematic Review
复制标题
公民科学与鸟类和蝴蝶的城市生态——系统回顾
作者：
James Wang Wei;B. Lee;Low Bing Wen
在过去的十年里，公民科学作为生态研究的工具而获得了广泛的认可。然而，在城市生态学学科中，公民科学参与的现有贡献和未来潜力，特别是在知识获取方面，尚未得到全面探讨。在此，我们对 2005 年至 2014 年间已发表的鸟类和蝴蝶城市生态学研究及其对公民科学数据的使用进行了系统回顾。我们将使用公民科学数据的研究数量与可能使用公民科学数据的研究数量进行了比较。鸟类和蝴蝶的公民科学数据的使用率分别为 21% 和 26%。大多数采用公民科学的研究都使用志愿者获得的数据作为主要数据，并采用共同、协作和贡献的参与模式，排除合同和共同创建的安排。没有证据表明公民科学研究调查了与城市生态学文献不同的有机体规模（群落与物种）。对于这两个类群，与景观和微环境尺度的物种-环境关系以及一般行为生态学研究的城市生态学文献中的代表性相比，公民科学的贡献低于预期。其他可以从进一步公民科学参与中受益的研究主题包括鸟类的育种研究和行会分析，以及蝴蝶的多分类群研究。强调了公民科学参与城市生态学的有前景的模型的主题重点和方法细节，并确定了一些可以利用公民科学有效解决的研究问题。本综述描述的当代公民科学与城市生态学之间的互动动态可以为城市生态-公民科学项目的设计和完善提供信息，以优化其科学贡献。
Citizen science has gained widespread currency as a tool for ecological research over the past decade. However, in the discipline of urban ecology, the existing contributions and future potential of citizen science engagement, specifically in terms of knowledge gain, have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here, we present a systematic review of published work on the urban ecology of birds and butterflies in relation to their use of citizen science data between 2005 and 2014. We compared the number of studies that used citizen science data to the number of studies that could potentially have employed data derived from citizen science. The take-up rates of citizen science data were 21% and 26% for birds and butterflies respectively. Most studies that employed citizen science used volunteer-derived data as primary data, and adopted Collegial, Collaborative and Contributional engagement modes to the exclusion of Contractual and Co-created arrangements. There was no evidence that citizen science studies investigated a different organismal scale (community vs. species) compared to the urban ecology literature. For both taxa, citizen science contributions were lower than expected compared to their representation in the urban ecology literature for studies on species-environment relationships at landscape and micro-environment scales, as well as behavioural ecology in general. Other research topics that could benefit from further citizen science involvement include breeding studies and guild analyses for birds, and multi-taxa studies for butterflies. Promising models of citizen science engagement for urban ecology are highlighted in relation to their thematic foci and methodological detail, and a number of research questions that could be productively addressed using citizen science are identified. The dynamics of contemporary engagement between citizen science and urban ecology described by this review could inform the design and refinement of urban ecology–citizen science programmes in order to optimise their scientific contributions.