Neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and health
Neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and health
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DOI：
10.2307/3090214
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Mirowsky, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross, CE;Mirowsky, J
除了个人社会经济特征的影响外，我们还研究了生活在不利社区是否会损害健康的问题。我们假设：(1)健康与邻里劣势负相关(经个人劣势调整后)，(2)邻里失调起调节作用，(3)部分是因为邻里失调及与之相关的恐惧阻碍走路，(4)部分是因为它们直接损害健康。数据来自1995年的社区、犯罪和健康调查，该调查对伊利诺伊州2482名成年人进行了概率抽样，并提供了有关受访者人口普查区域的相关信息。我们发现，弱势社区的居民比更有利社区的居民健康状况更差(自我报告的健康和身体功能更差，更多的是慢性病)。这种联系完全是通过感知到的邻里混乱和由此产生的恐惧来调节的。它不受户外体力活动限制的影响。生活在危险、麻烦、犯罪和无礼的社区里，与日常生活相关的压力显然会损害健康。我们呼吁对压力进行生物人口学分析，将长期暴露于弱势社区弱势群体所面临的威胁条件与可能损害健康的生理反应联系起来。
We examine the question of whether living in a disadvantaged neighborhood damages health, over and above the impact of personal socioeconomic characteristics. We hypothesize that (1) health correlates negatively with neighborhood disadvantage adjusting for personal disadvantage, and that (2) neighborhood disorder mediates the association, (3) partly because disorder and the fear associated with it discourage walking and (4) partly because they directly impair health. Data are from the 1995 Community, Crime, and Health survey, a probability sample of 2,482 adults in Illinois, with linked information about the respondent census tract. We find that residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods have worse health (worse self-reported health and physical functioning and more chronic conditions) than residents of more advantaged neighborhoods. The association is mediated entirely by perceived neighborhood disorder and the resulting fear. It is not mediated by limitation of outdoor physical activity. The daily stress associated with living in a neighborhood where danger, trouble, crime and incivility are common apparently damages health. We call for a bio-demography of stress that links chronic exposure to threatening conditions faced by disadvantaged individuals in disadvantaged neighborhoods with physiological responses that may impair health.