Behavioural changes in drivers experiencing highly-automated vehicle control in varying traffic conditions
Behavioural changes in drivers experiencing highly-automated vehicle control in varying traffic conditions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trc.2013.02.008
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Lai, Frank C. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jamson, A. Hamish;Merat, Natasha;Lai, Frank C. H.
先前的研究表明，高水平的车辆自动化可能会导致驾驶员的情况意识降低，但也强调了这种未来车辆设计通过增强安全性和减少驾驶员工作量而带来的潜在好处。精心设计的自动化使驾驶员的视觉注意力从道路转移到次要的车内任务。这样的任务可能是愉快的分心单调的系统monitoring.This研究进行了调查的影响，自愿的次要任务摄取的系统监督责任的司机经历高度自动化的车辆控制。自动化水平（手动控制，高度自动化）和交通密度（轻，重）的独立因素进行了多次测量的实验设计。49名驾驶员使用高保真驾驶模拟器参与了测试，该模拟器让驾驶员能够看到、听到，更重要的是，还能感受到自动驾驶车辆操作带来的影响。体验自动驾驶的驾驶员倾向于避免需要临时重新手动控制的行为，例如超车，从而增加了行程时间。自动化提高了汽车跟随的安全裕度，但这仅限于周围交通量较轻的条件。与手动驾驶相比，参与者确实更专注于车内娱乐任务，对前方道路的视觉注意力更少。这可能表明，司机们愿意放弃他们的监督责任，而选择更具娱乐性的高度自动化驾驶。然而，他们确实表现出了对交通繁忙的道路的额外关注，这意味着随着车辆自动化的监督需求增加，这些责任得到了更认真的对待。这些结果可能会减轻一些人对车辆自动化驾驶员负荷不足的担忧，假设车辆制造商接受积极的系统反馈的需求，并且驾驶员也充分认识到他们在未来车辆设计中的监督义务。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Previous research has indicated that high levels of vehicle automation can result in reduced driver situation awareness, but has also highlighted potential benefits of such future vehicle designs through enhanced safety and reduced driver workload. Well-designed automation allows drivers' visual attention to be focused away from the roadway and toward secondary, in-vehicle tasks. Such tasks may be pleasant distractions from the monotony of system monitoring.This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of voluntary secondary task uptake on the system supervisory responsibilities of drivers experiencing highly-automated vehicle control. Independent factors of Automation Level (manual control, highly-automated) and Traffic Density (light, heavy) were manipulated in a repeated-measures experimental design. 49 drivers participated using a high-fidelity driving simulator that allowed drivers to see, hear and, crucially, feel the impact of their automated vehicle handling.Drivers experiencing automation tended to refrain from behaviours that required them to temporarily retake manual control, such as overtaking, resulting in an increased journey time. Automation improved safety margins in car following, however this was restricted to conditions of light surrounding traffic. Participants did indeed become more heavily involved with the in-vehicle entertainment tasks than they were in manual driving, affording less visual attention to the road ahead. This might suggest that drivers are happy to forgo their supervisory responsibilities in preference of a more entertaining highly-automated drive. However, they did demonstrate additional attention to the roadway in heavy traffic, implying that these responsibilities are taken more seriously as the supervisory demand of vehicle automation increases. These results may dampen some concerns over driver underload with vehicle automation, assuming vehicle manufacturers embrace the need for positive system feedback and drivers also fully appreciate their supervisory obligations in such future vehicle designs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.