Effect of Cage-Induced Stereotypies on Measures of Affective State and Recurrent Perseveration in CD-1 and C57BL/6 Mice.
Effect of Cage-Induced Stereotypies on Measures of Affective State and Recurrent Perseveration in CD-1 and C57BL/6 Mice.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0153203
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Würbel H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Novak J;Bailoo JD;Melotti L;Würbel H
刻板印象是一种反常的重复行为模式，在实验室小鼠中非常普遍，被认为反映了福利受损。因此，它们与受损的行为抑制有关，也可能反映出负面的情感状态。然而，在老鼠身上，刻板印象和行为抑制之间的关系尚不确定，也缺乏可靠的情感效价衡量标准。在这里，我们使用基于探索的任务来评估认知偏差，作为情感效价的衡量标准，并使用双选择猜测任务来评估反复坚持作为行为抑制受损的衡量标准，以测试具有不同形式和表达水平的刻板行为的小鼠。我们训练了44只CD-1和40只C57BL/6雌性小鼠在径向迷宫中辨别正面和负面线索的手臂，并测试它们对以前无法接触到的模糊手臂的反应。在CD-1小鼠中，(I)刻板印象水平较高的小鼠表现出负性认知偏向，这受刻板印象形式的影响，(Ii)后翻小鼠表现出明显的负性认知偏向，(Iii)在横幅张口或笼顶旋转的小鼠中没有发现这种影响。在C57BL/6小鼠中，无论是路线追踪还是直言不讳都与认知偏差有关，这表明在该品系中，这些刻板印象可能不反映负面情感状态。相反，虽然我们在CD-1小鼠中没有发现刻板印象与反复坚持有关，但具有更高水平的路线跟踪而不是直言不讳的C57BL/6小鼠在猜测任务中做出了更多的重复反应。我们的发现证实了之前的研究，即刻板印象对动物福利的影响可能强烈地取决于动物的物种和品系，以及刻板印象的形式和表达水平。此外，它们还表明，刻板印象行为的变异可能是许多动物实验中变异的一个重要来源。
Stereotypies are abnormal repetitive behaviour patterns that are highly prevalent in laboratory mice and are thought to reflect impaired welfare. Thus, they are associated with impaired behavioural inhibition and may also reflect negative affective states. However, in mice the relationship between stereotypies and behavioural inhibition is inconclusive, and reliable measures of affective valence are lacking. Here we used an exploration based task to assess cognitive bias as a measure of affective valence and a two-choice guessing task to assess recurrent perseveration as a measure of impaired behavioural inhibition to test mice with different forms and expression levels of stereotypic behaviour. We trained 44 CD-1 and 40 C57BL/6 female mice to discriminate between positively and negatively cued arms in a radial maze and tested their responses to previously inaccessible ambiguous arms. In CD-1 mice (i) mice with higher stereotypy levels displayed a negative cognitive bias and this was influenced by the form of stereotypy performed, (ii) negative cognitive bias was evident in back-flipping mice, and (iii) no such effect was found in mice displaying bar-mouthing or cage-top twirling. In C57BL/6 mice neither route-tracing nor bar-mouthing was associated with cognitive bias, indicating that in this strain these stereotypies may not reflect negative affective states. Conversely, while we found no relation of stereotypy to recurrent perseveration in CD-1 mice, C57BL/6 mice with higher levels of route-tracing, but not bar-mouthing, made more repetitive responses in the guessing task. Our findings confirm previous research indicating that the implications of stereotypies for animal welfare may strongly depend on the species and strain of animal as well as on the form and expression level of the stereotypy. Furthermore, they indicate that variation in stereotypic behaviour may represent an important source of variation in many animal experiments.