Retirement Type and Cognitive Functioning in Japan
Retirement Type and Cognitive Functioning in Japan
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbab187
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发表时间：
2021-12-07
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Raymo, James M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mizuochi, Masaaki;Raymo, James M.
目标 越来越多的文献探讨了退休对认知功能的影响，但很少关注这种关系如何取决于退休的性质。特别重要的是，逐步退休的现象越来越普遍，其特点是在从职业工作退休后继续受雇于新雇主或同一雇主。方法 我们使用日本老龄化与退休研究中 50 岁或以上男性和女性的数据来研究完全退休、在同一雇主处部分退休以及在新雇主处部分退休对认知功能的影响。我们的分析考虑了职业工作复杂性的调节作用，并利用日本公共养老金和强制退休制度的独特特征来估计退休类型对认知的因果影响。结果 结果表明，在同一雇主处部分退休会对认知功能产生显着的不利影响（相对于尚未退休的人）。相比之下，平均而言，那些在新雇主那里经历过完全退休或部分退休的人与仍在职业工作中的人没有什么不同。在新雇主那里部分退休对那些从事高复杂性职业工作的人的认知有有益的影响。讨论结果与新的工作接触和经历对认知有有益影响的观点是一致的。他们还表明，持续推行的促进同一雇主部分退休的政策可能会对认知健康产生意想不到的不利影响。
Objectives A growing literature examines the effect of retirement on cognitive function, but pays little attention to how this relationship may depend upon the nature of retirement. Of particular importance is the growing prevalence of gradual retirement characterized by continued employment-either with a new employer or with the same employer-after retiring from a career job. Methods We use data from men and women aged 50 or older in the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement to examine the effects of full retirement, partial retirement with the same employer, and partial retirement with a new employer on cognitive function. Our analyses consider the moderating role of career job complexity and exploit distinctive features of the Japanese public pension and mandatory retirement systems to estimate the causal effect of retirement type on cognition. Results Results indicate that partial retirement with the same employer has a significant and adverse effect on cognitive function (relative to those not yet retired). In contrast, those who experienced either full retirement or partial retirement with a new employer were, on average, no different from those still in their career job. Partial retirement with a new employer has a beneficial effect on cognition among those who had a high-complexity career job. Discussion Results are consistent with the idea that novel work exposures and experiences have a beneficial effect on cognition. They also suggest that ongoing policy efforts to promote partial retirement with the same employer may have unexpected adverse implications for cognitive health.