The Whole Systems Energy Injustice of Four European Low-Carbon Transitions
The Whole Systems Energy Injustice of Four European Low-Carbon Transitions
复制标题
欧洲四次低碳转型的整个系统能源不公平
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101958
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lucy Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Sovacool;Andrew Hook;Mari Martiskainen;Lucy Baker
对能源和低碳系统进行多标量分析的必要性越来越明显，这是评估能源转型在各种规模和生命周期阶段对社会经济和环境的整体影响的一种方式。本文对法国的核能、英国的智能电表、挪威的电动汽车和德国的太阳能光伏板这四个欧洲低碳转型进行了全系统的能源公平分析。它提出的问题是：每一次转型都可能以何种方式导致超越社区和国家的不公正，即，在整个系统？它采用了混合方法的研究设计，基于64个半结构化的研究访谈专家在所有四个过渡，五个公共焦点小组，并收集了58个意见，从12个公共互联网论坛来回答这个问题。通过对这些数据的归纳，本文识别并分析了分布在三个空间尺度上的44种不公正现象。中等规模的不公正包括全国性的问题，如电力和天然气价格上涨或获得低收入和低收入服务的机会不平等。宏观不公正包括矿物和金属开采以及废物流的循环等全球性问题。然后，本文讨论了这些集体不公正的空间性和时间性，然后为能源和气候研究和政策提供结论。
The need for multi-scalar analysis of energy and low-carbon systems is becoming more apparent as a way to assess the holistic socioeconomic and environmental impacts of energy transitions across a variety of scales and lifecycle stages. This paper conducts a whole systems energy justice analysis of four European low-carbon transitions—nuclear power in France, smart meters in Great Britain, electric vehicles in Norway, and solar photovoltaic panels in Germany. It asks: in what ways may each of these transitions result in injustices that extend beyond communities and countries, i.e., across the whole system? It utilizes a mixed-methods research design based on 64 semi-structured research interviews with experts across all four transitions, five public focus groups, and the collection of 58 comments from twelve public internet forums to answer this question. Drawing inductively from these data, the paper identifies and analyzes 44 injustices spread across three spatial scales.Microscale injustices concern immediate local impacts on family livelihood, community health and the environment.Mesoscale injustices include national-scale issues such as rising prices for electricity and gas or unequal access to low-carbon technology.Macroscale injustices include global issues such as the extraction of minerals and metals and the circulation of waste flows. The paper then discusses these collective injustices in terms of their spatiality and temporality, before offering conclusions for energy and climate research and policy.