The transformation of resource-rich countries in the International Division of Labour: 'backward' industrialisation and relative surplus population in Uzbekistan
The transformation of resource-rich countries in the International Division of Labour: 'backward' industrialisation and relative surplus population in Uzbekistan
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国际分工中资源丰富国家的转型：乌兹别克斯坦工业化“落后”与人口相对过剩
DOI：
10.1080/13563467.2023.2237903
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Galdini F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galdini F
这篇文章解释了独立的乌兹别克斯坦从融入全球经济作为主要商品出口国开始的转型。报告认为，与全球南方其他资源丰富的国家一样，这种转变表现出两个持久且相互关联的特征，即租金补贴的“落后”工业化和大量相对过剩人口(RSP)的崛起。首先，集体农业的结束征用了大部分乌兹别克农村人口的土地，因此棉花出口的租金可以补贴国内市场的“落后”制造业。其次，由于这些行业的生产规模有限(主要是国内生产规模)，只能吸收一小部分人口，大多数人变成了在非正规部门挣扎的巨大可再生能源，包括作为劳工移民。第三，棉花被黄金和天然气取代成为主要出口商品，为当前的自由化奠定了基础。尽管如此，乌兹别克斯坦仍然是一个原材料出口国，因此是一个“落后的”工业化国家和可吸入颗粒物的储存库。因此，这篇论文质疑转型文献将乌兹别克斯坦作为改革失败或成功的发展主义的例子，而是展示其发展的这些持久特征如何与全球南方其他原材料出口国的类似动态相平行。
This article explains independent Uzbekistan’s transformation starting from its integration into the global economy as a primary commodity exporter. It argues that, in line with other resource-rich countries of the Global South, this transformation exhibited two enduring and interlinked features, namely rent-subsidised ‘backward’ industrialisation and the rise of a vast relative surplus population (RSP). First, the end of collective agriculture expropriated most of the Uzbek rural population from the land, so rents from cotton exports could subsidise ‘backward’ industries manufacturing for the domestic market. Second, as these industries could only absorb a minority of the population due to their limited (largely domestic) scale of production, the majority was turned into a vast RSP that struggles in the informal sector, including as labour migrants. Third, cotton’s replacement by gold and natural gas as the main export commodities laid the basis for the current liberalisation. Still, Uzbekistan endures as a raw material exporter, hence as a ‘backward’ industrialiser and reservoir of RSP. As such, the paper problematises the transition literature’s framing of Uzbekistan as an example of failed reform or successful developmentalism, showing instead how these enduring features of its development paralleled similar dynamics in other raw-material-exporting countries of the Global South.