Prothrombase--Its Preparation and Properties
Prothrombase--Its Preparation and Properties
复制标题
凝血酶原--其制备和性质
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
--
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Mellanby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Mellanby
为了调和已提出的各种假设，以解释在血液凝固过程中观察到的现象，必须从血液中分离出主要参与凝固过程的物质。本文介绍了从草酸处理的哺乳动物血液中制备凝血酶原，并对其转化为凝血酶的条件进行了讨论。凝血酶是一种将纤维蛋白原转化为纤维蛋白的酶。1909年，我描述了一种从鸟类血液中提取凝血酶原溶液的方法。非凝固性血浆是按照Delezenne(1897)所描述的方法从禁食麻醉的公鸡中获得的。这种血浆用10体积的蒸馏水稀释，并通过小心地添加1%的冰醋酸，使其达到球蛋白的等电点。沉淀的球蛋白是通过在高速离心机中旋转稀释的血浆而获得的致密质量。它悬浮在相当于原始血浆体积的水中，并用添加0.7%的氯化钠溶解。该溶液含有与纤维蛋白原相关的凝血酶原。在它的基础上加入少量的组织提取物(凝血酶)，以及程度为0.05%的CaCl2。导致在几分钟内形成纤维蛋白的固体凝结体。去除纤维蛋白后得到的残留液中含有大量凝血酶。然而，如果在原纤维蛋白原-凝血酶原溶液中加入少量的凝血酶，凝血在几秒钟内发生，残余的液体在去除纤维蛋白后含有大量的原凝血酶。描述了这种溶液中含有的禽类凝血酶原的性质。由于很难大量获得稳定的不可凝血的禽类，因此没有尝试分离凝血酶原。
An attempt to reconcile the various hypotheses which have been advanced to account for the phenomena observed in the coagulation of blood necessitated the isolation from blood of those substances which are primarily involved in the coagulation process. In this paper the preparation of prothrombase from oxalated mammalian blood is described and the conditions under which it is converted into thrombase—the enzyme which converts fibrinogen into fibrin—are considered. In 1909 I described a method by which a solution of prothrombase may be obtained from bird's blood. Noncoagulable plasma is obtained from a fasting anaesthetised cockerel in the way described by Delezenne (1897). This plasma is diluted with 10 volumes of distilled water and brought to the isoelectric point for globulin by the cautions addition of acetic acid (1 per cent.). The precipitated golbulin is obtained as a compact mass by spinning the diluted plasma in a high-speed centrifuge. It is suspended in a volume of water equal to that of the original plasma and dissolved by the addition NaCl to the extent of 0·7 per cent. This solution contains prothrombase associated with fibrinogen. The addition to it of a little tissue extract (thrombokinase), and CaCl2 to the extent 0·05 per cent. causes, within a few minutes, the formation of a solid coagulum of fibrin. The residual fluid, obtained after the removal of the fibrin, contains a large quantity of thrombase. If however, a small quantity of thrombase be added to the original fibrinogen-prothrombase solution coagulation takes place within a few seconds and the residual fluid, after removal of the fibrin, contains a large quantity of prothombase. The properties of avian prothrombase contained in such a solution were described. No attempt was made to isolate the prothrombase owing to the difficulty of obtaining stable noncoagulable birds' in large quantities.