The effect of risk perception on public preferences and willingness to pay for reductions in the health risks posed by toxic cyanobacterial blooms
The effect of risk perception on public preferences and willingness to pay for reductions in the health risks posed by toxic cyanobacterial blooms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.017
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Codd, Geoffrey A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunter, Peter D.;Hanley, Nick;Codd, Geoffrey A.
大量产生毒素的蓝藻在内陆和沿海用于娱乐目的的水域中越来越常见。这些大量的人口对人类和动物健康构成严重威胁，并可能给社会带来巨大的经济代价。在这项研究中，我们使用条件估值(CV)方法来促使公众愿意为降低苏格兰莱文湖产毒蓝藻水华带来的发病率风险而支付(WTP)。我们发现，55%的受访者(不包括抗议选民的68%)愿意为减少蓝藻对莱文湖人类健康构成风险的天数(从90天减少到45天或0天)买单。使用Logistic峰值模型估计，降低风险的平均WTP为9.99-12.23英镑/家庭/年。此外，使用尖峰模型和联立方程模型控制内生偏差，我们发现受访者的WTP强烈依赖于社会人口学特征、经济状况和水体的使用，但也取决于个人对健康风险的态度和认知。这项研究表明，预期的健康风险降低是改善休闲水域水质的一项重要的非市场利益，应该在未来的成本效益分析中加以考虑，例如在欧洲联盟《水框架指令》的主持下进行的成本效益分析，但这种价值还取决于对与水有关的健康风险的主观看法和对环境的总体态度。(C)2012爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Mass populations of toxin-producing cyanobacteria are an increasingly common occurrence in inland and coastal waters used for recreational purposes. These mass populations pose serious risks to human and animal health and impose potentially significant economic costs on society. In this study, we used contingent valuation (CV) methods to elicit public willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in the morbidity risks posed by blooms of toxin-producing cyanobacteria in Loch Leven, Scotland. We found that 55% of respondents (68% excluding protest voters) were willing to pay for a reduction in the number of days per year (from 90, to either 45 or 0 days) that cyanobacteria pose a risk to human health at Loch Leven. The mean WTP for a risk reduction was UK 9.99-12.23 pound/household/year estimated using a logistic spike model. In addition, using the spike model and a simultaneous equations model to control for endogeneity bias, we found the respondents' WTP was strongly dependent on socio-demographic characteristics, economic status and usage of the waterbody, but also individual-specific attitudes and perceptions towards health risks. This study demonstrates that anticipated health risk reductions are an important nonmarket benefit of improving water quality in recreational waters and should be accounted for in future cost-benefit analyses such as those being undertaken under the auspices of the European Union's Water Framework Directive, but also that such values depend on subjective perceptions of water-related health risks and general attitudes towards the environment. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.