Unravelling the twists and turns of the serpinopathies

Unravelling the twists and turns of the serpinopathies
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解开蛇毒病的曲折

DOI:
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08201.x
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
The FEBS Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
D. Lomas
D. Lomas
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
B. Roussel;J. Irving;U. Ekeowa;D. Belorgey;I. Haq;A. Ordóñez;A. Kruppa;A. Duvoix;S. T. Rashid;D. Crowther;S. Marciniak;D. Lomas

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丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 (serpin) 超家族的成员存在于生命的所有分支中,并且在蛋白水解级联中涉及的酶的调节中发挥重要作用。丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的突变体导致折叠延迟,不稳定的中间体被内质网相关降解清除。剩余的蛋白质要么完全折叠并分泌,要么作为有序聚合物保留在合成细胞的内质网内。这导致了一组称为丝氨酸蛋白酶病的疾病,其特征是分别与肝硬化相关的 α1-抗胰蛋白酶和神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂突变以及与神经丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂包涵体相关的痴呆家族性脑病。目前的证据强烈表明,α1-抗胰蛋白酶和神经丝氨酸蛋白酶突变体的聚合物是通过将一个分子的反应环顺序插入另一个分子的 β-sheet A 中而连接的。内质网内聚合物的有序结构通过独立于未折叠蛋白质反应的途径刺激核因子-κ B。核因子-κ B 的慢性激活可能导致与丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂突变相关的细胞毒性。我们回顾了丝氨酸病的病理学以及治疗引起疾病的包涵体的新治疗策略的开发。其中包括使用小分子来阻断聚合、刺激自噬来清除内含物以及干细胞技术来纠正潜在的分子缺陷。
Members of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily are found in all branches of life and play an important role in the regulation of enzymes involved in proteolytic cascades. Mutants of the serpins result in a delay in folding, with unstable intermediates being cleared by endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation. The remaining protein is either fully folded and secreted or retained as ordered polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell of synthesis. This results in a group of diseases termed the serpinopathies, which are typified by mutations of α1‐antitrypsin and neuroserpin in association with cirrhosis and the dementia familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies, respectively. Current evidence strongly suggests that polymers of mutants of α1‐antitrypsin and neuroserpin are linked by the sequential insertion of the reactive loop of one molecule into β‐sheet A of another. The ordered structure of the polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum stimulates nuclear factor‐kappa B by a pathway that is independent of the unfolded protein response. This chronic activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B may contribute to the cell toxicity associated with mutations of the serpins. We review the pathobiology of the serpinopathies and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating the inclusions that cause disease. These include the use of small molecules to block polymerization, stimulation of autophagy to clear inclusions and stem cell technology to correct the underlying molecular defect.
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影响因子: --
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影响因子: 4.5
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