Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution
Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0801201105
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发表时间：
2008-04-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Davidson, Eric H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Feng;Davidson, Eric H.
在五个棘皮类动物中，只有现代海胆（真棘皮类）产生了一个早熟的胚胎微粒谱系，在原肠胚形成之前进入，然后分泌生物矿物胚胎骨架。基因调控网络（GRN）的规范和分化这一谱系现在是已知的。胚胎骨骼的生物矿化中使用的许多相同的分化基因也用于制造成人身体的脊柱和试验板的类似生物矿化。在这里，我们确定了这些分化基因的上游调控状态的组成部分，这些基因在胚胎和成人骨骼形成之间共享。因此，在微粒GRN中出现了一个突然的“断点”，其中一侧大多数调控基因都用于两种基因，而另一侧的调控装置完全是微粒特异性的。这揭示了在进化过程中形成的微粒GRN的特定联系，通过这种联系，胚胎微粒谱系中的骨骼形成基因电池被激活。我们还表明，通过与遥远的棘皮动物外群海星的成年骨骼形成进行比较，负责驱动骨骼形成分化基因电池的调节装置是棘皮动物特异性调节遗产的一个古老的多形方面。
Of the five echinoderm classes, only the modern sea urchins (euechinoids) generate a precociously specified embryonic micromere lineage that ingresses before gastrulation and then secretes the biomineral embryonic skeleton. The gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying the specification and differentiation of this lineage is now known. Many of the same differentiation genes as are used in the biornineralization of the embryo skeleton are also used to make the similar biomineral of the spines and test plates of the adult body. Here, we determine the components of the regulatory state upstream of these differentiation genes that are shared between embryonic and adult skeletogenesis. An abrupt "break point" in the micromere GRN is thus revealed, on one side of which most of the regulatory genes are used in both, and on the other side of which the regulatory apparatus is entirely micromere-specific. This reveals the specific linkages of the micromere GRN forged in the evolutionary process by which the skeletogenic gene batteries were caused to be activated in the embryonic micromere lineage. We also show, by comparison with adult skeletogenesis in the sea star, a distant echinoderm outgroup, that the regulatory apparatus responsible for driving the skeletogenic differentiation gene batteries is an ancient pleisiomorphic aspect of the echinoderm-specific regulatory heritage.