Intra-individual heteroplasmy in the Gentiana tongolensis plastid genome (Gentianaceae)
Intra-individual heteroplasmy in the Gentiana tongolensis plastid genome (Gentianaceae)
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汤哥龙胆质体基因组（龙胆科）的个体内异质性
DOI：
10.7717/peerj.8025
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发表时间：
2019-11-27
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fu, Peng-Cheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, Shan-Shan;Zhou, Xiao-Jun;Fu, Peng-Cheng
大多数被子植物的叶绿体是从母本遗传而来的，是单倍体，但在植物中很少发现质体基因组的个体内异质性。在这里，我们报告了一个例子，质体异质性和它的特点，在龙胆tongolensis（龙胆科）。G. tongolensis的petD基因片段大小为145，757 bp，与其他龙胆属植物相比缺失了petD基因的部分片段。在质体基因组中共检测到112个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）和31个频率超过2%的插入/缺失（indel），且大多数位于蛋白质编码区。SNP频率超过10%的位点大多位于LSC区域的6个基因中。通过克隆和三个位点的桑格测序验证后，在不同个体中鉴定出异质性。在核苷酸水平上探讨了G. tongolensis是目前的数据不清楚，虽然双亲质体遗传和质体DNA的转移似乎是最有可能的。本研究提示植物学家应重新考虑叶绿体的遗传和进化，谨慎使用叶绿体作为遗传标记，尤其是在龙胆属植物中。
Chloroplasts are typically inherited from the female parent and are haploid in most angiosperms, but rare intra-individual heteroplasmy in plastid genomes has been reported in plants. Here, we report an example of plastome heteroplasmy and its characteristics in Gentiana tongolensis (Gentianaceae). The plastid genome of G. tongolensis is 145,757 bp in size and is missing parts of petD gene when compared with other Gentiana species. A total of 112 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 31 indels with frequencies of more than 2% were detected in the plastid genome, and most were located in protein coding regions. Most sites with SNP frequencies of more than 10% were located in six genes in the LSC region. After verification via cloning and Sanger sequencing at three loci, heteroplasmy was identified in different individuals. The cause of heteroplasmy at the nucleotide level in plastome of G. tongolensis is unclear from the present data, although biparental plastid inheritance and transfer of plastid DNA seem to be most likely. This study implies that botanists should reconsider the heredity and evolution of chloroplasts and be cautious with using chloroplasts as genetic markers, especially in Gentiana.