Resident Macrophages and Their Potential in Cardiac Tissue Engineering.
Resident Macrophages and Their Potential in Cardiac Tissue Engineering.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0036
复制
发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Monaghan, Michael G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suku, Meenakshi;Forrester, Lesley;Biggs, Manus;Monaghan, Michael G.
组织工程模型的许多方面旨在了解细胞机制以概括体内行为，研究和模拟疾病以进行药物干预，并为改进再生医学提供更好的理解。最近干细胞生物学、材料科学和工程学的快速发展，使复杂工程组织的产生变得更加容易。人类心肌就是这样一种组织，极其复杂，有许多不同类型的细胞。最近的研究揭示了心脏驻留巨噬细胞是正常心脏功能的关键介质。心脏内的巨噬细胞发挥吞噬和吞噬作用，促进电传导，促进再生，并清除心脏外显子以维持内环境稳定。这些发现支持了将巨噬细胞引入工程心脏组织(EHT)的理论基础，以更恰当地投降体内生理学。尽管缺乏在体外使用心脏巨噬细胞的研究，但有足够的证据表明，它们将是使EHTS更具生理学相关性的关键。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了在工程心脏组织中使用巨噬细胞作为额外细胞来源的原理和可行性。巨噬细胞在心脏动态平衡和疾病中起着关键作用。在过去的十年里，我们已经了解了心脏内驻留巨噬细胞在心脏中扮演的许多重要角色，包括免疫监视、再生、电传导和消除外显。有必要提高我们对体外心脏中驻留的巨噬细胞群的了解，以便通过组织工程模型更好地概括心肌。然而，在体外获得它们仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们讨论心脏驻留巨噬细胞的重要性以及体外获得心脏驻留巨噬细胞的可能方法。最后，我们批判性地讨论了它们在实现心脏组织体外影响模型方面的潜力以及它们在该领域的影响。
Many facets of tissue engineered models aim at understanding cellular mechanisms to recapitulate in vivo behavior, to study and mimic diseases for drug interventions, and to provide a better understanding toward improving regenerative medicine. Recent and rapid advances in stem cell biology, material science and engineering, have made the generation of complex engineered tissues much more attainable. One such tissue, human myocardium, is extremely intricate, with a number of different cell types. Recent studies have unraveled cardiac resident macrophages as a critical mediator for normal cardiac function. Macrophages within the heart exert phagocytosis and efferocytosis, facilitate electrical conduction, promote regeneration, and remove cardiac exophers to maintain homeostasis. These findings underpin the rationale of introducing macrophages to engineered heart tissue (EHT), to more aptly capitulate in vivo physiology. Despite the lack of studies using cardiac macrophages in vitro, there is enough evidence to accept that they will be key to making EHTs more physiologically relevant. In this review, we explore the rationale and feasibility of using macrophages as an additional cell source in engineered cardiac tissues. Macrophages play a critical role in cardiac homeostasis and in disease. Over the past decade, we have come to understand the many vital roles played by cardiac resident macrophages in the heart, including immunosurveillance, regeneration, electrical conduction, and elimination of exophers. There is a need to improve our understanding of the resident macrophage population in the heart in vitro, to better recapitulate the myocardium through tissue engineered models. However, obtaining them in vitro remains a challenge. Here, we discuss the importance of cardiac resident macrophages and potential ways to obtain cardiac resident macrophages in vitro. Finally, we critically discuss their potential in realizing impactful in vitro models of cardiac tissue and their impact in the field.