Temperature modulation alters the gut and skin microbial profiles of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
Temperature modulation alters the gut and skin microbial profiles of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2022.1027621
复制
发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Ghosh;M. Wong;S. Hyodo;Shuji Goto;K. Hamasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Ghosh;M. Wong;S. Hyodo;Shuji Goto;K. Hamasaki
与鱼类相关的微生物群是宿主鱼类健康不可或缺的一部分。持续的气候变化，包括全球水变暖，可能会破坏宿主微生物群的组成和多样性，从而破坏鱼类的体内平衡。由于对温度敏感的海洋鱼类和环境细菌的知识匮乏，我们研究了饲养温度对鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus keta）细菌群落结构、多样性和组装过程的影响，鲑鱼是太平洋中发现的温带鲑鱼物种。在两周的时间里，实验室饲养的鲑鱼暴露在三种温度下：高温（18°C）、低温（8°C）和对照（13°C）。他们的粪便、皮肤粘液和周围的水被采样，用于基于16S rRNA基因扩增子测序的群落结构分析。与对照水平相比的温度变化引发了粪便和皮肤粘液微生物群的显着失调。特别是，弧菌和粘杆菌序列变异体在高温和低温下分别高度丰富，这些致病菌的机会性生长可能会阻碍宿主免疫力。在高温和低温下都鉴定出了两种温度特异性的微生物分类生物标志物，β-变形菌纲和黄杆菌属。对细菌群落组装过程的分析表明，环境选择显着影响肠道微生物群落的组装，而皮肤微生物群的组装过程是随机的。我们的研究阐明了当温度变化破坏皮肤和肠道微生物群的平衡时，鱼类健康的潜在危机。我们的数据将成为更好地了解气候变化影响的宝贵工具，气候变化是现在和未来对鱼类微生物群及其稳态的一个非常紧迫和重要的挑战。
Fish-associated microbiota are an integral part to the health of the host fish. The ongoing climate changes including global warming of water may disrupt the composition and diversity of host-microbiota, and subsequently, destabilize the fish homeostasis. Since the knowledge on temperature-sensitive marine fish and environmental bacteria is scarce, we investigated the effects of rearing temperatures on community structure, diversity and assembly process of bacteria on chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), which is a temperate salmon species found in the Pacific. Over the course of two weeks, laboratory-raised chum salmon were exposed to three temperatures: high (18°C), low (8°C) and, control (13°C). Their feces, cutaneous mucus, and surrounding water were sampled for community structure analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Temperature changes from the control level triggered significant dysbiosis in the fecal and skin mucus microbiota. In particular, Vibrio and Tenacibaculum sequence variants were highly abundant at high and low temperatures, respectively, and the opportunistic growth of these pathogenic species may impede host immunity. Two temperature-specific taxonomic microbial biomarkers, the class Betaproteobacteria and the genus Flavobacterium were identified at both high and low temperatures. An analysis of bacterial community assembly processes revealed that environmental selection significantly affected the gut microbial community assembly, while the assembly process of the skin microbiota was stochastic. Our study elucidated the potential crisis of fish health when the equilibrium of the cutaneous and intestinal microbiota was disrupted by temperature changes. Our data will be a valuable tool to better understand the effects of climate change, a very pressing and important challenge now and in the future, on the fish microbiota and its homeostasis.