Mind wandering and attention during focused meditation: A fine-grained temporal analysis of fluctuating cognitive states
Mind wandering and attention during focused meditation: A fine-grained temporal analysis of fluctuating cognitive states
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.008
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发表时间：
2012-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Barsalou, Lawrence W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasenkamp, Wendy;Wilson-Mendenhall, Christine D.;Barsalou, Lawrence W.
研究表明，默认模式网络在走神期间是活跃的，这通常是在持续注意力任务中间歇性地经历的。相反，一个与任务相关的积极网络被认为有助于各种形式的注意力处理。理解这两个系统如何协同工作，对于理解许多形式的最佳和次优任务绩效至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一个基本模型的自然主义认知波动之间的走神和注意力状态来自集中注意力冥想的做法。该模型提出了认知周期中的四个间隔：走神、意识到走神、转移注意力和持续注意力。接受这种冥想训练的人培养了他们监控与注意力和分心有关的认知过程的能力，使他们非常适合报告这些心理事件。14名冥想练习者在接受功能性磁共振成像扫描时进行了专注于呼吸的冥想。当参与者意识到他们的思想走神时，他们按下一个按钮，将注意力重新集中到呼吸上。上面的四个间隔是围绕这些按钮按压而构建的。我们假设，走神的时期将与默认模式活动，而在意识到走神，转移注意力和持续注意力的认知过程中，将参与注意力子网络。分析显示，在走神期间，与默认模式相关的大脑区域以及意识到走神期间的显着网络区域都有活动。执行网络的元素在转移和持续注意力的过程中是活跃的。此外，在这些认知阶段的激活调制一生的冥想经验。这些发现支持并扩展了分布式大脑网络的认知相关理论。(C)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Studies have suggested that the default mode network is active during mind wandering, which is often experienced intermittently during sustained attention tasks. Conversely, an anticorrelated task-positive network is thought to subserve various forms of attentional processing. Understanding how these two systems work together is central for understanding many forms of optimal and sub-optimal task performance. Here we present a basic model of naturalistic cognitive fluctuations between mind wandering and attentional states derived from the practice of focused attention meditation. This model proposes four intervals in a cognitive cycle: mind wandering, awareness of mind wandering, shifting of attention, and sustained attention. People who train in this style of meditation cultivate their abilities to monitor cognitive processes related to attention and distraction, making them well suited to report on these mental events. Fourteen meditation practitioners performed breath-focused meditation while undergoing fMRI scanning. When participants realized their mind had wandered, they pressed a button and returned their focus to the breath. The four intervals above were then constructed around these button presses. We hypothesized that periods of mind wandering would be associated with default mode activity, whereas cognitive processes engaged during awareness of mind wandering, shifting of attention and sustained attention would engage attentional subnetworks. Analyses revealed activity in brain regions associated with the default mode during mind wandering, and in salience network regions during awareness of mind wandering. Elements of the executive network were active during shifting and sustained attention. Furthermore, activations during these cognitive phases were modulated by lifetime meditation experience. These findings support and extend theories about cognitive correlates of distributed brain networks. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.