A Dopamine‐dependent Restitutive System for the Maintenance of Mental Normalcy
A Dopamine‐dependent Restitutive System for the Maintenance of Mental Normalcy
复制标题
用于维持心理正常的多巴胺依赖性恢复系统
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb21502.x
复制
发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
A. Friedhoff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Friedhoff
生物和心理或行为相互关系的确切性质一直是许多理论的实质。观念的范围从严格的机械论到二元论，在机械论中，生物事件决定每一种心理现象，在二元论中，观念或其他心理事件受其自身规律的指导，生物事件只是这些由他者决定的事件产生的手段。在适应和应对领域也存在类似的情况，心理应对策略在生物适应机制中所起的确切作用尚未得到很好的界定。这些关系的不确定性也是“相信”生物或药物治疗精神障碍和那些致力于心理治疗或相关心理治疗的人之间的争议的部分原因，尽管大多数人会承认心理或行为的剧目（例如，战斗或逃跑）以及某些大脑生物系统在人类适应中起着重要作用。行为应对策略和生物系统中发生的适应之间的关系很少以系统的方式进行探索。在这方面，可以预期具有高度可塑性的系统将是介导外部世界需求持续变化的候选者，中枢多巴胺能系统就是这样一个系统。它有能力上调和下调多巴胺受体的数量，以响应影响受体识别位点的多巴胺量的长期变化。这种可塑性通常通过药物的使用得到证明。阻断多巴胺受体的抗精神病药物产生受体数量的补偿性增加，而1-多巴产生下调效应。尽管药物具有诱导系统中的补偿性改变的能力，但上调和下调系统的主要作用可能是介导生理过程而不是药理过程。在这份报告中，我将提出证据表明，多巴胺能系统的适应性调节的生理功能是在大脑中的恢复系统的调解，保持或恢复精神稳定，面对不断变化的环境突发事件。这个系统也可以通过产前生活中的适应过程来微调以适应母体的化学环境，从而提高出生后的生存机会！与生理适应环境的产前状态相反，在出生后的生活中，稳态适应是为了防止持续的环境变化改变预先存在的生理适应。
The exact nature of biological and psychological or behavioral interrelationships has been the substance of many theories. Ideas have ranged from the strict mechanistic, in which a biological event determines every psychological phenomenon, to dualistic proposals in which ideas or other psychological events are guided by their own laws, biological events being only the means by which these other-determined events are generated. A parallel situation exists in the area of adaptation and coping, in that the exact role that psychological coping strategies play in relation to biological adaptive mechanisms has not been well defined. The uncertain nature of these relationships is also partly responsible for the controversy between those “believing in” biological or pharmacological treatment for mental disturbances and those with a commitment to psychotherapy or related psychological treatments, although most would acknowledge that both psychological or behavioral repertoires (e.g., fight or flight) as well as certain brain biological systems play a significant role in human adaptation. It is the relationship between behavioral coping strategies and the adaptations that occur in biological systems that have been little explored in a systematic manner.’ In that regard it would be expected that systems with a high degree of plasticity would be candidates to mediate sustained changes in demands of the external world, and the central dopaminergic system is one such system. It has the capacity to up and down regulate the number of dopamine receptors in response to prolonged changes in the amount of dopamine impacting on the receptor recognition sites. This plasticity has generally been demonstrated through the use of drugs. Antipsychotic drugs that block dopamine receptors produce a compensatory increase in receptor number, while 1-dopa produces a down-regulating effect.u Despite the fact that drugs have the capacity to induce compensatory modification in the system, it is likely that the primary role of the u p and down-regulating system is to mediate a physiological process rather than a pharmacological one. In this report I will present evidence that the physiological function of the adaptive regulation of the dopaminergic system is in the mediation of a restitutive system in the brain that maintains or restores mental stability in the face of changing environmental contingencies. This system can also be fine tuned to the maternal chemical environment by a process of accommodation during prenatal life so as to enhance chances for survival after birth! In contrast to the prenatal state during which physiology accommodates to the environment, in postnatal life homeostatic adaptations are made to prevent sustained environmental changes from changing pre-existing physiological adaptations.