Reviewing GPU architectures to build efficient back projection for parallel geometries
Reviewing GPU architectures to build efficient back projection for parallel geometries
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DOI：
10.1007/s11554-019-00883-w
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发表时间：
2019-06
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
S. Chilingaryan;E. Ametova;A. Kopmann;A. Mirone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Chilingaryan;E. Ametova;A. Kopmann;A. Mirone
反投影是计算机断层扫描中的主要算法，用于从一组记录的投影重建图像。它用于快速分析方法和高质量迭代技术。X射线成像设备依靠反投影技术以高空间和时间分辨率重建材料样品和生物体的内部结构。快速图像重建对于实时跟踪和控制研究过程也是必不可少的。在这篇文章中，我们提出了有效的实现反投影算法的并行硬件。我们调查了一系列的并行架构提出的主要硬件供应商在过去的10年。这些架构之间的相似性和差异进行了分析，我们强调如何使用特定的功能，以提高重建性能。特别是，我们建立了一个性能模型，以找到硬件热点，并提出了几个优化，以平衡纹理引擎，计算和特殊功能单元之间的负载，以及不同类型的内存最大限度地提高所有GPU子系统的利用率并行。我们进一步表明，针对特定于体系结构的功能，允许一个提高性能的2-7倍相比，目前国家的最先进的算法中使用的标准重建代码。建议的负载平衡方法不限于反投影，但可以作为一种通用的优化策略，用于实现并行算法。
Back-Projection is the major algorithm in Computed Tomography to reconstruct images from a set of recorded projections. It is used for both fast analytical methods and high-quality iterative techniques. X-ray imaging facilities rely on Back-Projection to reconstruct internal structures in material samples and living organisms with high spatial and temporal resolution. Fast image reconstruction is also essential to track and control processes under study in real-time. In this article, we present efficient implementations of the Back-Projection algorithm for parallel hardware. We survey a range of parallel architectures presented by the major hardware vendors during the last 10 years. Similarities and differences between these architectures are analyzed and we highlight how specific features can be used to enhance the reconstruction performance. In particular, we build a performance model to find hardware hotspots and propose several optimizations to balance the load between texture engine, computational and special function units, as well as different types of memory maximizing the utilization of all GPU subsystems in parallel. We further show that targeting architecture-specific features allows one to boost the performance 2–7 times compared to the current state-of-the-art algorithms used in standard reconstructions codes. The suggested load-balancing approach is not limited to the back-projection but can be used as a general optimization strategy for implementing parallel algorithms.