Males and females differ in how their behaviour changes with age in wild crickets
Males and females differ in how their behaviour changes with age in wild crickets
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.03.011
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Tregenza, Tom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Makai, Gul;Rodriguez-Munoz, Rolando;Tregenza, Tom
因为雌性生产和产卵或培育胚胎，它们在繁殖投资的时间上受到限制。雄性可能有更多的机会在生命的早期集中生殖投资，在成年后不久与尽可能多的雌性交配。这一根本性的差异导致了这样的预测，即由于男性在生命早期可以偏向于增加生殖投资，他们将在生命早期耗尽资源，因此比女性衰老得更快。检验这一预测的第一步是确定在与年龄有关的行为变化方面是否存在性别差异。为了做到这一点，我们记录了蟋蟀的行为，Gryllus campestris，在一个自然的人口生活在和周围的洞穴在北方西班牙的草地。在成年后，我们记录了一系列非生殖行为，包括他们进出洞穴的频率，他们在入口处呆了多久，他们在外面呆了多久，他们在逃离洞穴后离开洞穴的速度有多快，以逃避捕食，以及他们是否进食。我们发现的证据，大量的年龄相关的变化，在两个运动特征的男性，但不是在女性。随着年龄的增长，雄性动物移动的频率越来越低，在洞穴外呆的时间也越来越少，而雌性动物在这两个特征上都没有表现出与年龄相关的变化。喂养是不受年龄的男性，但女性喂养更经常，因为他们长大了。我们的研究结果与男性比女性衰老得更快的预测是一致的;需要在自然界进行实验，以确定这种模式是否源于生殖和其他特征之间的生活史权衡。皇冠版权所有（c）2020由爱思唯尔有限公司代表动物行为研究协会发布。All rights reserved.
Because females produce and lay eggs or nurture embryos, they are constrained in the timing of their investment in reproduction. Males may have more opportunity to concentrate reproductive investment earlier in life, mating with as many females as possible soon after becoming adult. This fundamental difference leads to the prediction that because males can bias allocation towards increased reproductive investment early in life, they will use up resources earlier in their lives and hence senesce faster than females. A first step towards testing this prediction is to determine whether there are between-sex differences in age-related changes in behaviour. To do this we recorded the behaviour of crickets, Gryllus campestris, in a natural population living in and around their burrows in a meadow in northern Spain. Following individuals of both sexes through their adult lives, we recorded a range of nonreproductive behaviours, including how often they moved in and out of their burrows, how long they spent at the entrance, how long they spent outside, how quickly they left a burrow after fleeing inside to escape predation and whether they fed. We found evidence for substantial age-related changes in two of the movement traits in males, but not in females. Males moved less often and spent less time outside their burrows as they aged, whereas females showed no age-related changes in either trait. Feeding was not affected by age in males, but females fed more often as they got older. Our findings are consistent with the prediction that males senesce faster than females; experiments in nature will be needed to determine whether this pattern arises from life history trade-offs between reproduction and other traits. Crown Copyright (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. All rights reserved.