Counterfactual and mental state reasoning in children with autism
Counterfactual and mental state reasoning in children with autism
复制标题
DOI：
10.1023/b:jadd.0000022608.57470.29
复制
发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Boucher, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grant, CM;Riggs, KJ;Boucher, J
本研究探讨了反事实条件推理、信念理解和推理对自闭症儿童在标准错误信念任务中表现的贡献。为了评估这三个因素的作用，我们比较了CWA在物理状态CCR任务（不需要理解信念或推理）、Wellman和Bartsch（1988）的非标准错误信念测试（需要理解信念，但不需要CCR或推理）以及错误信念任务的标准测试中的表现。CWA受损相对于控制的物理状态CCR和标准的错误信念任务，但不是在非标准的错误信念任务，和CWA的表现在物理状态CCR和标准的错误信念任务相关性很高，即使当言语能力的影响是partialled了。最后，CWA的标准错误信念任务的性能受损比他们的性能的物理状态CCR任务。我们得出的结论是，受损的性能标准的错误信念任务自闭症与CCR（或其组成部分的技能）的能力缺陷，加上推理能力缺陷，并可能生成，但受损的性能不是由信仰的理解不足。结果进行了讨论，在其他假设有关的原因或标准的错误信念任务，自闭症儿童的表现受损的原因。
The contributions of counterfactual conditional reasoning (CCR), belief understanding, and inferential reasoning to the performance of children with autism (CWA) on standard false belief tasks were investigated. To assess the roles of these three factors, we compared the performance of CWA on physical-state CCR tasks (which do not require either an understanding of belief or inferential reasoning); on Wellman and Bartsch's (1988) nonstandard tests of false belief (which require an understanding of belief, but not CCR or inferential reasoning), and on standard tests of false belief tasks. The CWA were impaired relative to controls on the physical-state CCR and standard false-belief tasks, but not on the nonstandard false-belief tasks, and the CWA's performance on the physical-state CCR and standard false-belief tasks correlated highly, even when the effects of verbal ability were partialled out. Finally, the CWA's performance on standard false-belief tasks was more impaired than their performance on the physical-state CCR tasks. We concluded that impaired performance on standard false-belief tasks in autism is associated with defective competence in CCR (or some of its component skills), plus defective competence in inferential reasoning and possibly generativity, but that impaired performance is not caused by an inadequate understanding of belief. The results are discussed in relation to other hypotheses concerning the cause or causes of impaired performance on standard false-belief tasks in children with autism.