Measurements of the aerosol and ice crystal populations in tropical stratospheric cumulonimbus anvils
Measurements of the aerosol and ice crystal populations in tropical stratospheric cumulonimbus anvils
复制标题
热带平流层积雨云砧中气溶胶和冰晶数量的测量
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Huffman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Knollenberg;A. Dascher;D. Huffman
从运河区起飞的 NASA U-2 上搭载了一对粒度光谱仪，测量热带雷暴产生的卷云中的气溶胶和冰晶预算。测量表明，在积雨云活动期间，尺寸达到 1 毫米的相当大的晶体被注入平流层。冰水含量从每立方米千分之几到百分之几克不等。由于环境温度通常约为 -80°C，因此较大晶体的质量在蒸发之前大部分会返回到较低的高度。气溶胶尺寸分布表明卷云砧中存在 0.15 至 0.2 µm 之间的奇怪狭窄生长模式，而这些云之外不存在这种模式。这种窄模式的存在归因于云顶产生的接近水饱和度。假设新的冰晶和气溶胶成核。
A pair of particle size spectrometers was flown aboard the NASA U-2 operating from the Canal Zone to make measurements of the aerosol and ice crystal budgets in cirrus produced by thunderstorms in the tropics. Measurements indicate that fairly large crystals up to 1 mm in size are injected into the stratosphere during cumulonimbus activity. Ice water contents range from a few thousandths to a few hundredths of a gram per cubic meter. Because the ambient temperature is typically around −80°C the mass of the larger crystals largely returns to lower altitudes before evaporating. Aerosol size distributions indicate a curious narrow growth mode between 0.15 and 0.2 µm in cirrus anvils which is absent outside these clouds. The presence of this narrow mode is attributed to near water saturation produced at cloud top. Nucleation of new ice crystals as well as aerosol is hypothesized.