Primitive Accumulation, New Enclosures, and Global Land Grabs: A Theoretical Intervention
Primitive Accumulation, New Enclosures, and Global Land Grabs: A Theoretical Intervention
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原始积累、新圈地和全球土地掠夺：理论干预
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
O. Ince
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作者：
O. Ince
最近对全球土地掠夺的批判性分析，以各种方式援引全球资本主义和新殖民主义来解释这一趋势。一种调查方法是将土地掠夺作为“资本原始积累”的实例，即全球南方的土地被“封闭”并纳入全球资本主义的范围。另一种观点援引英美殖民主义的历史来批评发展主义的论述，这种论述将非洲描绘成北方技术工业文明驯服的“最后边疆”。本文将这两种观点结合起来，阐述资本主义是一种不可还原的具有全球性观念的殖民形态。我开始讨论“原始积累”，并与许多人相反，质疑“圈地”是否适合解释土地掠夺。第二部分深入探讨原始积累的理论渊源，建议将其纳入资本主义的全球和殖民谱系。最后一节描绘了这一全球谱系的理论和历史轮廓，并对原始积累进行了更广泛的重新概念化。最后，我反思了当代土地掠夺对就地流离失所、土地的可替代性以及当代全球价值链重新配置中的新圈地的影响。
Recent critical analyses of global land grabs have variously invoked global capitalism and neocolonialism to account for this trend. One line of inquiry approaches land grabs as instances of “primitive accumulation of capital” whereby lands in the Global South are “enclosed” and brought within the ambit of global capitalism. Another perspective invokes the history of Anglo-American colonialism for critiquing the developmentalist discourse that depicts Africa as the “last frontier” to be tamed by the techno-industrial civilization of the North. This essay integrates these two perspectives by elaborating capitalism as an irreducibly colonial formation with global inceptions. I begin with a discussion of “primitive accumulation” and, counter to many, question the suitability of “enclosure” for interpreting land grabs. The second section delves into the theoretical origins of primitive accumulation, proposing to situate it in a global and colonial genealogy of capitalism. A final section charts the theoretical and historical contours of this global genealogy and arrives at a more capacious reconceptualization of primitive accumulation. I conclude by reflecting on the implications of contemporary land grabs for in situ displacement, the fungibility of land, and new enclosures in the contemporary reconfiguration of global value chains.