Unconscious reward cues increase invested effort, but do not change speed-accuracy tradeoffs
Unconscious reward cues increase invested effort, but do not change speed-accuracy tradeoffs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2009.12.012
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Aarts, Henk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bijleveld, Erik;Custers, Ruud;Aarts, Henk
虽然有意识和无意识的奖励提示都会增强工作的努力，但之前的研究也表明，有意识的奖励可能还会影响速度和准确性之间的权衡。基于这一想法，两个实验探索了呈现在意识意识阈值之上(阈值上)或之下(阈值下)的奖励线索是否对这种权衡产生了不同的影响。在速度-准确度范式中，参与者必须解决一个算术问题，才能获得一枚以超阈值或低阈值呈现的高价值或低价值硬币。潜意识的高(与低)奖励让参与者更渴望(即更快，但同样准确)。相比之下，阈值上的高(与低)奖励使参与者变得更加谨慎(即，速度较慢，但更准确)。然而，当速度与准确性权衡的倾向降低时，阈值上奖励的效果与阈值下奖励的效果相似。这些发现表明，无论人们是否意识到，奖励线索最初都会促进努力，但只有当奖励信息可供意识访问时，才会影响速度和准确性之间的权衡。(C)2010爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
While both conscious and unconscious reward cues enhance effort to work on a task, previous research also suggests that conscious rewards may additionally affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs. Based on this idea, two experiments explored whether reward cues that are presented above (supraliminal) or below (subliminal) the threshold of conscious awareness affect such tradeoffs differently. In a speed-accuracy paradigm, participants had to solve an arithmetic problem to attain a supraliminally or subliminally presented high-value or low-value coin. Subliminal high (vs. low) rewards made participants more eager (i.e., faster, but equally accurate). In contrast, supraliminal high (vs. low) rewards caused participants to become more cautious (i.e., slower, but more accurate). However, the effects of supraliminal rewards mimicked those of subliminal rewards when the tendency to make speed-accuracy tradeoffs was reduced. These findings suggest that reward cues initially boost effort regardless of whether or not people are aware of them, but affect speed-accuracy tradeoffs only when the reward information is accessible to consciousness. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.