Specifying the Neurobiological Basis of Human Attachment: Brain, Hormones, and Behavior in Synchronous and Intrusive Mothers
Specifying the Neurobiological Basis of Human Attachment: Brain, Hormones, and Behavior in Synchronous and Intrusive Mothers
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2011.172
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Feldman, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atzil, Shir;Hendler, Talma;Feldman, Ruth
母婴纽带为婴儿未来的心理健康和适应提供了基础，并依赖于提供由神经内分泌和动机情感神经系统支持的物种典型的母亲行为。动物研究表明，母亲护理模式的自然变化描绘了母亲大脑行为关系的离散轮廓，这些关系独特地塑造了婴儿一生的压力调节和社会联系能力。这种模式的产妇护理是由神经肽催产素和压力和奖励相关的神经系统。人类研究同样表明，母亲的同步性--母亲的行为与婴儿信号的协调--和侵入性--母亲行为的过度表达--描述了独特而稳定的母亲风格，这些风格对婴儿的幸福产生了长期的影响。整合大脑，激素和行为的研究中的母婴结合，我们研究了同步与侵入性的母亲动态，生态有效的婴儿视频的功能磁共振成像反应及其与血浆催产素的相关性。总共有23位母亲在家中与婴儿互动并进行了血浆OT测定。会议被微编码为同步和侵入性。母亲们在观察几个自己的和标准的婴儿相关的小插曲时进行扫描。同步的母亲表现出更大的激活，在左侧的丘脑核（NAcc）和侵入性的母亲表现出更高的激活，在右侧杏仁核。功能连接分析显示，在同步的母亲，左NAcc和右杏仁核的功能与情绪调节，理论的心理，和共情网络。在侵入性的母亲，左NAcc和右杏仁核的功能与前行动区。排序点到邻居（SPIN）分析表明，在同步组，左NAcc和右杏仁核激活显示出更清晰的组织跨时间，而在侵入性母亲，这些核团的激活表现出更大的跨时间混乱。催产素与左侧NAcc和右侧杏仁核激活之间的相关性仅在同步组中发现。良好适应的养育似乎是由奖励相关的动机机制，时间组织，和归属激素，而焦虑的养育可能是介导的压力相关的机制和更大的神经紊乱。评估整合的动机和社交网络到统一的神经活动，反映了父母的照顾模式的变化，可能会被证明是有用的研究最佳与高风险的父母。Neuropsychopharmacology（2011）36，2603-2615; doi：10.1038/npp.2011.172; 2011年8月31日在线发表
The mother-infant bond provides the foundation for the infant's future mental health and adaptation and depends on the provision of species-typical maternal behaviors that are supported by neuroendocrine and motivation-affective neural systems. Animal research has demonstrated that natural variations in patterns of maternal care chart discrete profiles of maternal brain-behavior relationships that uniquely shape the infant's lifetime capacities for stress regulation and social affiliation. Such patterns of maternal care are mediated by the neuropeptide Oxytocin and by stress-and reward-related neural systems. Human studies have similarly shown that maternal synchrony-the coordination of maternal behavior with infant signals-and intrusiveness-the excessive expression of maternal behavior-describe distinct and stable maternal styles that bear long-term consequences for infant well-being. To integrate brain, hormones, and behavior in the study of maternal-infant bonding, we examined the fMRI responses of synchronous vs intrusive mothers to dynamic, ecologically valid infant videos and their correlations with plasma Oxytocin. In all, 23 mothers were videotaped at home interacting with their infants and plasma OT assayed. Sessions were micro-coded for synchrony and intrusiveness. Mothers were scanned while observing several own and standard infant-related vignettes. Synchronous mothers showed greater activations in the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and intrusive mothers exhibited higher activations in the right amygdala. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that among synchronous mothers, left NAcc and right amygdala were functionally correlated with emotion modulation, theory-of-mind, and empathy networks. Among intrusive mothers, left NAcc and right amygdala were functionally correlated with pro-action areas. Sorting points into neighborhood (SPIN) analysis demonstrated that in the synchronous group, left NAcc and right amygdala activations showed clearer organization across time, whereas among intrusive mothers, activations of these nuclei exhibited greater cross-time disorganization. Correlations between Oxytocin with left NAcc and right amygdala activations were found only in the synchronous group. Well-adapted parenting appears to be underlay by reward-related motivational mechanisms, temporal organization, and affiliation hormones, whereas anxious parenting is likely mediated by stress-related mechanisms and greater neural disorganization. Assessing the integration of motivation and social networks into unified neural activity that reflects variations in patterns of parental care may prove useful for the study of optimal vs high-risk parenting. Neuropsychopharmacology (2011) 36, 2603-2615; doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.172; published online 31 August 2011