A funny thing happened to us on the way to the latent entities.
A funny thing happened to us on the way to the latent entities.
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在前往潜在实体的路上，我们发生了一件有趣的事情。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
P. Meehl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Meehl
推断的潜在实体，无论是精神分析、因素分析还是聚类分析，对于许多临床心理学家来说，无论是作为实践工具还是作为理论兴趣对象，其价值都有所下降。行为矫正、理性情绪疗法、危机干预、心理药理学和精算预测都倾向于减少对潜在实体的依赖，而倾向于纯粹的性格概念。然而，行为遗传学是一种与之相反的强大运动。至于分类实体（类型、分类群、综合症、疾病），历史上没有显示出群集算法发现它们的令人印象深刻的例子；然而，有机医学和精神病理学都发现了许多分类实体，而不依赖于正式的（统计）聚类方法。我为这种奇怪的状况提供了八个原因，并提出了相应的改善建议。采用现实主义而不是虚构主义的分类学方法，我对所有分类结果的定量一致性测试的基于理论的数学推导给予高度优先考虑。我敦促对基于蒙特卡罗运行的分类测量方法进行大规模的合作调查，其中真正的轴突是独立已知的生物学伪问题，以及遗传学，有机医学和精神病理学中的实际问题。从我目前对分裂型的研究中，提出了一个分类自举和一致性检验的实证例子。
Inferred latent entities, whether those of psychoanalysis, factor analysis, or cluster analysis, have declined in value for many clinical psychologists, both as tools of practice and as objects of theoretical interest. Behavior modification, rational-emotive therapy, crisis intervention, psycho-pharmacology, and actuarial prediction all tend to minimize reliance on latent entities in favor of purely dispositional concepts. Behavior genetics is, however, a powerful movement to the contrary. As regards categorical entities (types, taxa, syndromes, diseases), history reveals no impressive examples of their discovery by cluster algorithms; whereas organic medicine and psychopathology have both discovered many taxonic entities without reliance on formal (statistical) cluster methods. I offer eight reasons for this strange condition, with associated suggestions for ameliorating it. Adopting a realist instead of a fictionist approach to taxonomy, I give high priority to theory-based mathematical derivation of quantitative consistency tests for all taxometric results. I urge a large scale cooperative survey of taxometric methods based on Monte Carlo runs, biological pseudoproblems where the true axon is independently known, and live problem in genetics, organic medicine, and psychopathology. An empirical example of taxometric bootstrapping and consistency testing was presented from my own current research on schizotypy.