Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile
Volcanic lightning and plume behavior reveal evolving hazards during the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/2016gl068076
复制
发表时间：
2016-04-16
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Behnke, Sonja A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Van Eaton, Alexa R.;Amigo, Alvaro;Behnke, Sonja A.
火山爆发后不久，火山灰扩散的模型预测被用来减轻对飞机、基础设施和顺风社区的危害。然而，这是一个重大的挑战，以限制在不断发展的喷发模型输入。在这里，我们证明，火山闪电可以与卫星探测结合使用，以识别和量化喷发风格和强度的变化。利用2015年4月22日和23日智利南部卡尔布科火山的喷发，我们从卫星观测，闪电的发生和秋季沉积物的映射特征来研究伞云扩张的速率。我们的遥感分析给出了一个总的喷发量，这是在不确定性的映射体积（0.56 +/- 0.28公里（3）散装）。观测和火山羽流建模进一步表明，海拔10公里以上的火山灰云中的冰形成以及地面电流形成的低层电荷层都增强了电活动。
Soon after the onset of an eruption, model forecasts of ash dispersal are used to mitigate the hazards to aircraft, infrastructure, and communities downwind. However, it is a significant challenge to constrain the model inputs during an evolving eruption. Here we demonstrate that volcanic lightning may be used in tandem with satellite detection to recognize and quantify changes in eruption style and intensity. Using the eruption of Calbuco volcano in southern Chile on 22 and 23 April 2015, we investigate rates of umbrella cloud expansion from satellite observations, occurrence of lightning, and mapped characteristics of the fall deposits. Our remote sensing analysis gives a total erupted volume that is within uncertainty of the mapped volume (0.56 +/- 0.28 km(3) bulk). Observations and volcanic plume modeling further suggest that electrical activity was enhanced both by ice formation in the ash clouds >10 km above sea level and development of a low-level charge layer from ground-hugging currents.