ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN WILDLIFE: PERSPECTIVES ON TRENDS, ACQUISITION AND DISSEMINATION, DATA GAPS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN WILDLIFE: PERSPECTIVES ON TRENDS, ACQUISITION AND DISSEMINATION, DATA GAPS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
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DOI：
10.7589/2019-04-099
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Ahlstrom, Christina A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ramey, Andrew M.;Ahlstrom, Christina A.
耐抗生素细菌在环境中的扩散具有潜在的负面经济和健康后果。因此，以前的调查都是针对野生动物，以了解不同环境来源中抗生素耐药性的发生。在这篇重要的综述和综述中，我们总结了从野生动物样本中了解到的重要概念，以寻找耐药指示菌。这些概念有助于理解耐药性通过环境途径的传播，并有助于指导未来的研究工作。我们的综述首先简要介绍抗生素耐药性，因为它与藏匿在环境来源(如野生动物)中的细菌有关。接下来，我们根据不同的分类群如何提供关于环境中抗生素耐药性的不同信息来区分野生动物和其他动物。在我们综述的第三部分，我们确定了具有代表性的研究和开创性工作，这些研究和开创性工作说明了野生动物中耐药细菌的出现与人类对环境的投入之间的重要联系。例如，我们重点介绍了许多研究，这些研究支持这样一个前提，即人类对环境的输入推动了自由放养野生动物所藏匿的细菌中抗生素耐药性的发生。此外，我们总结了以前的研究，证明觅食是野生动物暴露在环境中的人为抗生素耐药性污染的一种机制。在我们综述的第四部分，我们总结了野生动物藏身的细菌中获得和传播耐药性的分子证据。在第五部分中，我们确定了我们认为是重要的数据差距和潜在的未来方向，其他研究人员可能会发现这些方向有助于发展对野生动物中抗生素耐药性细菌的有效、信息丰富和有影响的调查。最后，我们通过强调需要从简单地识别野生动物中的抗生素耐药细菌的调查转向假设驱动的调查：1)确定抗生素耐药性的点来源；2)提供关于人类和动物健康风险的信息；3)确定可能中断环境介导的抗生素耐药性获得和传播途径的干预措施；以及4)评估管理做法是否导致理想的结果。
The proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment has potential negative economic and health consequences. Thus, previous investigations have targeted wild animals to understand the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in diverse environmental sources. In this critical review and synthesis, we summarized important concepts learned through the sampling of wildlife for antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria. These concepts are helpful for understanding dissemination of resistance through environmental pathways and helping to guide future research efforts. Our review begins by briefly introducing antibiotic resistance as it pertains to bacteria harbored in environmental sources such as wild animals. Next, we differentiate wildlife from other animals in the context of how diverse taxa provide different information on antibiotic resistance in the environment. In the third section of our review, we identify representative research and seminal works that illustrate important associations between the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wildlife and anthropogenic inputs into the environment. For example, we highlight numerous investigations that support the premise that anthropogenic inputs into the environment drive the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria harbored by free-ranging wildlife. Additionally, we summarize previous research demonstrating foraging as a mechanism by which wildlife may be exposed to anthropogenic antibiotic resistance contamination in the environment. In the fourth section of our review, we summarize molecular evidence for the acquisition and dissemination of resistance among bacteria harbored by wildlife. In the fifth section, we identify what we believe to be important data gaps and potential future directions that other researchers may find useful toward the development of efficient, informative, and impactful investigations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wildlife. Finally, we conclude our review by highlighting the need to move from surveys that simply identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wildlife toward hypothesis-driven investigations that: 1) identify point sources of antibiotic resistance; 2) provide information on risk to human and animal health; 3) identify interventions that may interrupt environmentally mediated pathways of antibiotic resistance acquisition and transmission; and 4) evaluate whether management practices are leading to desirable outcomes.