Performance of young children on ''traveling salesperson'' navigation tasks presented on a touch screen.
Performance of young children on ''traveling salesperson'' navigation tasks presented on a touch screen.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0115292
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Minagawa Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyata H;Watanabe S;Minagawa Y
旅行商问题(TSP)是指在多个空间分布的点上旅行时，寻找最短路径的问题。人们对用于解决TSP的策略的发展历程知之甚少。本研究使用城市街区指标考察了儿童在单向TSP中的表现和路线选择策略。应用了基于触摸屏的导航任务。儿童(39-70个月)和成年人(21-35岁)在触摸屏上做出了一系列反应，将一只狗的图片(目标)移动到两到三张相同的骨骼图片(目标)。在所有版本的任务中，从较年轻的参与者到较年长的参与者，绩效测量都有显著的改善。在TSP中，特定的路线选择策略，如最近邻策略，可以最大限度地减少总旅行距离，年龄较大的参与者比年轻参与者更频繁地使用该策略。相比之下，在TSP中，多种策略同样导致最小旅行距离，儿童倾向于使用不同于成人使用的策略，例如首先直接前往最远的目标。研究结果主要建议开发有效的路线选择策略，以优化总移动次数和/或求解时间。与成年人不同，儿童有时会优先考虑其他策略，比如一直往前走，直到被迫改变方向。这可能反映了这样一个事实，即儿童对任务的注意力不太集中，或者在感知问题的总体形状和/或从起点到每个目标的相对距离方面效率较低。
The traveling salesperson problem (TSP) refers to a task in which one finds the shortest path when traveling through multiple spatially distributed points. Little is known about the developmental course of the strategies used to solve TSPs. The present study examined young children's performance and route selection strategies in one-way TSPs using a city-block metric. A touch screen-based navigation task was applied. Children (39–70 months) and adults (21–35 years) made serial responses on a touch screen to move a picture of a dog (the target) to two or three identical pictures of a bone (the goals). For all the versions of the tasks, significant improvement in measures of performance was observed from younger to older participants. In TSPs in which a specific route selection strategy such as the nearest-neighbor strategy minimized the total traveling distance, older participants used that strategy more frequently than younger ones. By contrast, in TSPs in which multiple strategies equally led to the minimal traveling distance, children tended to use strategies different from those used by adults, such as traveling straight to the farthest goal first. The results primarily suggest development of efficient route selection strategies that can optimize total numbers of movements and/or solution time. Unlike adults, children sometimes prioritized other strategies such as traveling straight ahead until being forced to change directions. This may reflect the fact that children were either less attentive to the task or less efficient at perceiving the overall shape of the problem and/or the relative distance from the starting location to each goal.
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.33.3.244
发表时间：
2007-07-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gibson, Brett M.;Wasserman, Edward A.;Kamil, Alan C.
通讯作者：
Kamil, Alan C.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Miyata, Hiromitsu;Ushitani, Tomokazu;Fujita, Kazuo
通讯作者：
Fujita, Kazuo
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Miyata, Hiromtisu;Watanabe, Shigeru;Minagawa-Kawai, Yasuyo
通讯作者：
Minagawa-Kawai, Yasuyo
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
MacGregor, JN;Ormerod, TC;Chronicle, EP
通讯作者：
Chronicle, EP
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Graham, SM;Joshi, A;Pizlo, Z
通讯作者：
Pizlo, Z