Spotlight on the Gut Microbiome in Menopause: Current Insights.
Spotlight on the Gut Microbiome in Menopause: Current Insights.
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DOI：
10.2147/ijwh.s340491
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发表时间：
2022
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肠道微生物组是人类健康的重要贡献者，受到许多内源性和外源性因素的影响。肠道微生物组表现出性别二态性，表明性激素的影响，并且也已被证明会随着衰老而变化。然而，人们对更年期（女性生殖衰老的关键事件）对肠道微生物组的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们总结了有关女性性激素和肠道微生物组相互关系的已知信息，并回顾了有关人类更年期、女性性激素和肠道微生物组的现有文献。综上所述，研究表明，更年期与肠道微生物组多样性降低以及与男性肠道微生物组更加相似的转变有关，然而，需要在大型研究人群中进行更多研究，以确定受更年期影响的分类单元的可复制模式。仍然存在许多知识空白，包括肠道微生物组在更年期相关疾病风险中可能发挥的作用，以及更年期激素治疗是否会改变肠道微生物组中与更年期相关的变化。鉴于肠道微生物组的可改变性，更好地了解其在绝经期相关健康中的作用对于发现改善绝经期和绝经后健康和福祉的新机会至关重要。
The gut microbiome is an important contributor to human health, shaped by many endogenous and exogenous factors. The gut microbiome displays sexual dimorphism, suggesting influence of sex hormones, and also has been shown to change with aging. Yet, little is known regarding the influence of menopause – a pivotal event of reproductive aging in women – on the gut microbiome. Here, we summarize what is known regarding the interrelationships of female sex hormones and the gut microbiome, and review the available literature on menopause, female sex hormones, and the gut microbiome in humans. Taken together, research suggests that menopause is associated with lower gut microbiome diversity and a shift toward greater similarity to the male gut microbiome, however more research is needed in large study populations to identify replicable patterns in taxa impacted by menopause. Many gaps in knowledge remain, including the role the gut microbiome may play in menopause-related disease risks, and whether menopausal hormone therapy modifies menopause-related change in the gut microbiome. Given the modifiable nature of the gut microbiome, better understanding of its role in menopause-related health will be critical to identify novel opportunities for improvement of peri- and post-menopausal health and well-being.