Interannual variation in the fine-mode MODIS aerosol optical depth and its relationship to the changes in sulfur dioxide emissions in China between 2000 and 2010
Interannual variation in the fine-mode MODIS aerosol optical depth and its relationship to the changes in sulfur dioxide emissions in China between 2000 and 2010
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-12-2631-2012
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
S. Itahashi;I. Uno;K. Yumimoto;H. Irie;K. Osada;K. Ogata;H. Fukushima;Z. Wang;T. Ohara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Itahashi;I. Uno;K. Yumimoto;H. Irie;K. Osada;K. Ogata;H. Fukushima;Z. Wang;T. Ohara
抽象的。2000年至2005年，中国的人为二氧化硫排放量随着经济的发展以12.7%的−1的速度递增。然而，在中国政府的新政策下，二氧化硫排放量在2005年至2009年间下降了3.9%。−1。根据美国宇航局Terra卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱仪的观测和化学输送模式的模拟，我们发现，2000年至2010年间，东亚邻近海洋上空精细模式(亚微米)气溶胶光学厚度的变率增加了3-8%−1，在2005年至2006年左右达到峰值，随后又下降了2-7%−1。这一趋势与日本中部山区背景观测点的气溶胶粒子地面观测是一致的。SO2排放强度和精细模式AOD的这些波动被认为反映了中国发电厂普遍安装的燃料-气体脱硫(FGD)装置，因为气溶胶硫酸盐是东亚精细模式AOD的主要决定因素。利用化学输送模式，我们证实了细模气溶胶光学厚度的贡献超过了年平均值的70%，细模气溶胶光学厚度的上述波动主要是由SO2排放的变化引起的，而不是由东亚气象条件的变化等其他因素引起的。卫星反演的SO2垂直柱密度和自下而上的SO2排放之间也有很强的相关性，这两者也与观测到的精细模式气溶胶光学厚度趋势相一致。我们提出了一种简化的方法来评估中国SO2排放的变化，将描述精细模式AOD随SO2排放变化的模式灵敏度系数的使用与卫星反演相结合。对日本海上空精细模式气溶胶光学厚度的卫星测量显示，2007年至2010年间，−1年降幅为4.1%，与同期中国的−1年降幅为9%相对应。
Abstract. Anthropogenic SO2 emissions increased alongside economic development in China at a rate of 12.7% yr−1 from 2000 to 2005. However, under new Chinese government policy, SO2 emissions declined by 3.9% yr−1 between 2005 and 2009. Between 2000 and 2010, we found that the variability in the fine-mode (submicron) aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the oceans adjacent to East Asia increased by 3–8% yr−1 to a peak around 2005–2006 and subsequently decreased by 2–7% yr−1, based on observations by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board NASA's Terra satellite and simulations by a chemical transport model. This trend is consistent with ground-based observations of aerosol particles at a mountainous background observation site in central Japan. These fluctuations in SO2 emission intensity and fine-mode AOD are thought to reflect the widespread installation of fuel-gas desulfurization (FGD) devices in power plants in China, because aerosol sulfate is a major determinant of the fine-mode AOD in East Asia. Using a chemical transport model, we confirmed that the contribution of particulate sulfate to the fine-mode AOD is more than 70% of the annual mean and that the abovementioned fluctuation in fine-mode AOD is caused mainly by changes in SO2 emission rather than by other factors such as varying meteorological conditions in East Asia. A strong correlation was also found between satellite-retrieved SO2 vertical column density and bottom-up SO2 emissions, both of which were also consistent with observed fine-mode AOD trends. We propose a simplified approach for evaluating changes in SO2 emissions in China, combining the use of modeled sensitivity coefficients that describe the variation of fine-mode AOD with changes in SO2 emissions and satellite retrieval. Satellite measurements of fine-mode AOD above the Sea of Japan marked a 4.1% yr−1 decline between 2007 and 2010, which corresponded to the 9% yr−1 decline in SO2 emissions from China during the same period.