Degree modification in natural language
Degree modification in natural language
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自然语言中的程度修饰
DOI：
10.7282/t3wh2q8c
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Rett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rett
本文研究了程度修饰语在不同构式和语言中所起的作用。这样一个项目的直接目标是更好地理解这些语素的分布以及它们如何对表达的意义做出贡献。更广泛地说，程度修饰语的语义研究是有趣的，因为它有助于证明程度和个体域之间的相似性。第一章介绍了本文的假设和实践。第二章介绍了程度修饰的第一个研究：“m-words”，一个我用来指许多，很多，很少，很少，以及它们的跨语言对应物的术语。我认为它们是从一组度到其测度的函数。这种表征是基于帐户的M-字的比较差异，我把它扩展到其他出现的M-字，例如，因为它们发生在名义上和数量问题在巴尔干半岛的语言。第三章将程度修饰语的研究扩展到语义属性“可评价性”。如果一个构式指的是超过标准的程度，那么它就是评价性的，如John is tall。我认为，评价编码在空度修饰符“EVAL”，一个功能，从一组度的那些超过上下文价值的标准。这种方法的证据是
This dissertation is a study of the roles played by degree modifiers – functions from sets of degrees to sets of degrees – across different constructions and languages. The immediate goal of such a project is a better understanding of the distribution of these morphemes and how they contribute to the meaning of an expression. More broadly, a study of the semantics of degree modifiers is of interest because it helps demonstrate parallels between the degree and individual domains. Chapter 1 introduces the assumptions made and practices followed in the dissertation. Chapter 2 presents a first study of degree modification: ‘m-words,’ a term I use to refer to many, much, few, little, and their cross-linguistic counterparts. I argue that they are functions from a set of degrees to its measure. This characterization is based on accounts of m-words as differentials in comparatives; I extend it to other occurrences of m-words, e.g. as they occur pre-nominally and in quantity questions in Balkan languages. Chapter 3 broadens the study of degree modifiers to the semantic property ‘evaluativity’. A construction is evaluative if it refers to a degree that exceeds a standard, as in John is tall. I argue that evaluativity is encoded in the null degree modifier ‘EVAL,’ a function from a set of degrees to those which exceed a contextually-valued standard. Evidence for this approach is the occurrence of