Population declines of colobus in Western Uganda and conservation value of forest fragments
Population declines of colobus in Western Uganda and conservation value of forest fragments
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-007-9142-8
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gillespie, Thomas R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, Colin A.;Naughton-Treves, Lisa;Gillespie, Thomas R.
栖息地丧失和碎片化的过程可能是对生物多样性最重要的威胁。我们必须了解碎片的保护价值，因为它们可能代表着取得重要保护成果的机会，特别是对于其活动范围不在保护区内的物种。然而，我们理解碎片对灵长类动物价值的能力受到以下事实的限制：研究人员在保护区进行了许多研究，这些研究并不代表大多数碎片，而且研究通常是短期的。在这里，我们测定了栖息在乌干达Kibale国家公园外森林碎片上的红色(Procolbus Pennantii)和黑白根瘤(Colobus Guereza)的长期生存概率。当地社区主要将碎片用于自给自足的农业和薪材。我们在8年内对灵长类种群进行了3次调查，对所有树木进行了2次总清查，将1个片断的种群行为与连续森林中的种群进行了对比，并通过量化当地人对森林的利用方式来判断片断的保护价值。在调查的20个碎片中，1995年有16个支持居民群体，2个在2000年被清除，另外2个碎片在2003年被清除。在1995年，我们统计了165只黑白结核，而在2000年和2003年，我们分别统计了119只和75只。1995年有7个片段支持红结核病，2000年有11个片段，2003年有9个片段。在2000年，我们统计了159只红色结核杆菌，而在2003年，我们看到了145只。对于这两个物种，连续森林中的活动模式与片断中的活动相似，只是片断中的个体休息得更多。片断中的根瘤菌比连续林中的根瘤菌更能吃掉成熟的叶子。碎片满足了住在他们附近的平均32人的所有薪柴需求，部分养活了3个农场以外的家庭(约400米)，相当于576人。当邻近的家庭从事啤酒酿造(平均占家庭总数的9.6%)、杜松子酒蒸馏(占8.8%)或木炭生产(占14.5%)时，就会密集采伐薪材。总体而言，2000年至2003年期间，树木的平均密度下降了14棵/公顷(范围为0-60棵/公顷)。如果目前的清除速度继续下去，碎片继续支持结核杆菌种群的可能性很低。
The processes of habitat loss and fragmentation are probably the most important threats to biodiversity. It is critical that we understand the conservation value of fragments, because they may represent opportunities to make important conservation gains, particularly for species whose ranges are not in a protected area. However, our ability to understand the value of fragments for primates is limited by the fact that researchers have conducted many studies in protected areas, which do not represent most fragments, and studies are typically short term. Here we determine the long-term survival probability of red (Procolobus pennantii) and black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) inhabiting forest fragments outside of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Local communities use the fragments primarily for subsistence agriculture and fuelwood. We surveyed primate populations 3 times over 8 yr, made a total inventory of all trees 2 times, contrasted behavior of groups inhabiting 1 fragment with groups in the continuous forest, and judged the conservation value of the fragments by quantifying patterns of forest use by local people. Of the 20 fragments surveyed, 16 supported resident populations of colobus in 1995, 2 were cleared in 2000, and an additional 2 fragments were cleared by 2003. In 1995 we counted 165 black-and-white colobus, whereas in 2000 and 2003, we counted 119 and 75 individuals, respectively. Seven fragments supported red colobus in 1995, 11 in 2000, and 9 in 2003. In 2000 we counted 159 red colobus, while in 2003, we saw 145 individuals. For both species, activity patterns in continuous forest were similar to those in a fragment, with the exception that individuals in the fragment rested more. Colobus in the fragment ate more mature leaves than colobus in the continuous forest did. Fragments supported all the fuelwood needs of an average of 32 people who lived immediately adjacent to them, and partially supported families up to 3 farms away (ca. 400 m), representing 576 people. Intensive harvesting for fuelwood occurred when neighboring households engaged in beer brewing (an average of 9.6% of the households), gin distilling (8.8%), or charcoal production (14.5%). Overall, between 2000 and 2003, the average density of trees declined by 14 trees/ha (range 0-60 trees/ha). If current rates of clearing continue, the probability that the fragments will continue to support colobus populations is low.