EXCITATION AND INHIBITION IN UNBLOCKING
EXCITATION AND INHIBITION IN UNBLOCKING
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.14.3.261
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发表时间：
1988-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HOLLAND, PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HOLLAND, PC
在四个实验中，研究了在大鼠的食欲条件反射中，通过解除阻断程序建立的学习的本质。学习的测量包括反应地形图，选择性饱足的效果，以及条件抑制的总和和延迟测试。一个线索(A)首先与单个无条件刺激事件US1或两个事件的序列US1.fwdarw配对。USA2在性质上与(US2-Same)相似，或与(US2-Diff)US不同。然后，用US1或US1.fwdarw增强A和新线索(X)的化合物。US2。如果单独的US1或US1.fwdarw，则阻止对X的条件反射。两个阶段均采用美国序列。如果X伴随着增强剂的升档，从US1到US1.fwdarw。US2，它获得条件性反应，特别是当使用US2-DIFF时。在后一种情况下的反应是X-US1和X-US2关联的结果。在实验1-3中，如果X伴随着US1.fwdarw的降档。US2-与US1相同，它获得了基于X-US1关联的条件反应，但如果它伴随着US1.fwdarw的降档。US2-diff到US1，它基于X-US2关联获得条件抑制。在实验4中，X在较短的US1-US2间隔获得净抑制，在较长间隔获得净激发，并从US1.fwdarw降档。US2-相同或US1.fwdarw。US2-DIFF到US1。然而，随着US1.fwdarw的降档，区间梯度变得更宽。US2-diff.这些数据以及解锁文献中其他几个相互矛盾的发现与以下观点一致：(A)在解锁实验中令人惊讶的US2的添加或缺失既促进了兴奋性X-YS1关联的获得，也分别建立了兴奋性或抑制性的X-US2关联，以及(B)X-US1促进的梯度比X-US2关联的梯度更宽。
In four experiments the nature of learning established with unblocking procedures in the appetitive conditioning of rats was examined. Measures of learning included response topography, effects of selective satiation, and summation and retardation tests of conditioned inhibition. One cue (A) was first paired with either a single unconditioned stimulus event, US1, or a sequence of two events, US1 .fwdarw. USA2 was either qualitatively similar to (US2-Same) or different from (US2-Diff) US. Then, a compound of A and a novel cue (X) was reinforced with US1 or US1 .fwdarw. US2. Conditioning to X was blocked if either the single US1 or the US1 .fwdarw. USA sequence was used in both phases. If X accompanied an upshift in the reinforcer, from US1 to US1 .fwdarw. US2, it acquired conditioned responding, especially when US2-Diff was used. Responding in the latter case was the consequence of both X-US1 and X-US2 associations. In Experiments 1-3, if X accompanied a downshift from US1 .fwdarw. US2-Same to US1, it acquired conditioned responding that was based on X-US1 associations, but if it accompanied a downshift from US1 .fwdarw. US2-Diff to US1, it acquired conditioned inhibition based on X-US2 associations. In Experiment 4, X acquired net inhibition at short US1-US2 intervals and net excitation at longer intervals, with downshifts from either US1 .fwdarw. US2-Same or US1 .fwdarw. US2-Diff to US1. However, the interval gradient was broader with downshifts from US1 .fwdarw. US2-Diff. These data, and several other contradictory findings in the unblocking literature, are consistent with the views that (a) the surprising addition or deletion of US2 in unblocking experiments both facilitates the acquisition of excitatory X-YS1 associations and establishes either excitatory or inhibitory, respectively, X-US2 associations, and (b) that the gradient of X-US1 facilitation is broader than that of X-US2 association.