Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): A neglected tropical disease in Maghreb region of North Africa and its threat to Europe.
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): A neglected tropical disease in Maghreb region of North Africa and its threat to Europe.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0175461
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Parida S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baazizi R;Mahapatra M;Clarke BD;Ait-Oudhia K;Khelef D;Parida S
小反刍兽疫 (PPR) 是一种传染病，被世界动物卫生组织 (OIE) 列为特定危害。它影响绵羊、山羊和野生有蹄类动物，在整个发展中国家尤其是亚洲、中东和非洲流行。在成功根除牛的相关疾病牛瘟之后，联合国粮食及农业组织 (FAO) 和世界动物卫生组织 (OIE) 制定了到 2030 年根除小反刍兽疫的目标。小反刍兽疫于 1942 年首次在西非的象牙海岸被报道，此后其范围已扩大到亚洲、中东和非洲，对欧洲、东南亚和南非构成直接威胁。尽管已有强效疫苗，但系统、合理地使用这些疫苗的情况并不普遍，导致这种毁灭性疾病成为发展中国家重要的被忽视的热带病。我们通过分析部分 N 基因序列并与马格里布地区的其他病毒进行比较，从 2015 年 10 月阿尔及利亚北部 Cheraga 爆发的 PPR 病毒中分离和鉴定了该病毒。以及对全长病毒基因组进行测序并对临床样本进行实时 RT-PCR。进行了最大似然和贝叶斯时间和系统地理学分析，以评估东非北非马格里布地区 PPRV 循环的持续性和传播。最近在阿尔及尔北部的 Cheraga（2015 年 10 月）和摩洛哥西北部（2015 年 6 月）爆发的小反刍兽疫疫情凸显了小反刍兽疫已蔓延至北非北部边境，并可能对传入欧洲构成威胁。谱系地理学分析表明，IV 系 PPRV 已从东非（很可能是 2000 年苏丹爆发）传播到北非，导致 2008 年摩洛哥爆发。最大似然和贝叶斯分析表明，这些北非病毒紧密聚集在一起，表明存在持续的区域循环。考虑到同一病毒正在阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥和突尼斯传播，实施共同的马格里布小反刍兽疫根除战略将对该地区有利。
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious disease listed by the World Organisation for Animal health (OIE) as being a specific hazard. It affects sheep, goats, and wild ungulates, and is prevalent throughout the developing world particularly Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. PPR has been targeted for eradication by 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the OIE, after the successful eradication of the related disease, rinderpest in cattle. PPR was first reported in 1942 in the Ivory Coast in Western Africa and has since extended its range in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa posing an immediate threat of incursion into Europe, South East Asia and South Africa. Although robust vaccines are available, the use of these vaccines in a systematic and rational manner is not widespread, resulting in this devastating disease becoming an important neglected tropical disease in the developing world. We isolated and characterized the PPR virus from an outbreak in Cheraga, northern Algeria, during October 2015 by analyzing the partial N-gene sequence in comparison with other viruses from the Maghreb region. As well as sequencing the full length viral genome and performing real-time RT-PCR on clinical samples. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian temporal and phylogeographic analyses were performed to assess the persistence and spread of PPRV circulation from Eastern Africa in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Recent PPR outbreaks in Cheraga, in the northern part of Algiers (October 2015) and North-West Morocco (June, 2015) highlight that PPRV has spread to the northern border of North Africa and may pose a threat of introduction to Europe. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that lineage IV PPRV has spread from Eastern Africa, most likely from the Sudan 2000 outbreak, into Northern Africa resulting in the 2008 Moroccan outbreak. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analysis shows that these North African viruses cluster closely together suggesting the existence of continual regional circulation. Considering the same virus is circulating in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, implementation of a common Maghreb PPR eradication strategy would be beneficial for the region.