Optimal transport strategies for European cities
Optimal transport strategies for European cities
复制标题
欧洲城市的最佳交通策略
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Timms
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. May;S. Shepherd;P. Timms
一个新的程序，产生最佳的运输战略已被应用在9个欧洲城市。一个公共部门的目标函数，反映了效率，环境影响，财政和可持续性的关注，并确定了一套政策措施，每个可接受的范围。这些政策措施的组合产生的目标函数的最优值的基础上，确定的最优策略，并在城市之间进行比较。由此产生的政策建议。研究结果表明，采用综合办法制定运输战略十分重要。他们强调了公共交通服务水平和票价以及汽车使用收费变化的作用。相比之下，新的基础设施项目不那么经常有理由。在大多数城市，汽车使用费的收入足以为该战略的其他部分提供资金。然而，私营部门参与初期筹资或运作可能是可取的。修订后的目标函数，以反映私营部门的参与，并与私营部门的公共交通运营的最佳战略也确定。要求公共交通运营达到私营部门的回报率，通常会导致班次减少和票价上涨;因此，需要提高汽车使用费，以满足公共政策目标，但系统的性能却降低了。
A new procedure for generating optimal transport strategies has been applied in nine European cities. A public sector objective function which reflects concerns over efficiency, environmental impact, finance and sustainability is specified and a set of policy measures with acceptable ranges on each, identified. Optimal strategies based on combinations of these policy measures which generate the optimal value of the objective function, are identified, and compared between cities. Resulting policy recommendations are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to transport strategy formulation. They emphasise the role of changes in public transport service levels and of fares, and of charges for car use. By contrast, new infrastructure projects are less frequently justified. In the majority of cities the revenues from car use charges are sufficient to finance other elements in the strategy. However, private sector involvement either in initial financing or in operation may be desirable. Revised objective functions to reflect private sector involvement are specified, and optimal strategies with private sector operation of public transport are also identified. The requirement to meet private sector rates of return for public transport operation typically results in lower frequencies and higher fares; charges for car use then need to be raised to satisfy public policy objectives, but system performance is reduced.