Public expenditure and economic performance: A comparison of developed and low‐income developing economies
Public expenditure and economic performance: A comparison of developed and low‐income developing economies
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公共支出和经济表现：发达经济体和低收入发展中经济体的比较
DOI：
10.1002/jid.3380050103
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Z. Sattar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Z. Sattar
政府支出是为了在经济中发挥下列作用：(a)纠正扭曲或市场失灵；(b)管制可能危害社会的私人活动；(c)提供公共产品和服务（即经济和社会基础设施）；(d)经常从事生产活动。其中一些活动提高了经济效率，而另一些活动则降低了经济效率。也有相当多的证据表明，公共产品和服务的供应效率低下。但是，在发达的工业市场经济国家和发展中国家，特别是低收入国家之间，政府参与经济的性质和程度差别很大。从历史上看，发展中经济体的政府对所有上述类别的经济行使了相对较大的控制和指导，而发达经济体的公共部门参与仍然主要局限于提供公共物品和服务、管理职能和管理维持收入方案。一些著名的经济学家引用历史证据认为，政府规模无论如何对工业市场经济的经济表现没有影响。对低收入经济体而言，证据（尽管好坏参半）更多地指向政府对增长表现的总体积极影响。本研究使用一个简单的增长模型框架和更长的时间序列数据，为支持上述命题提供了额外的证据。此外，这项研究似乎证实了格申克伦假设，即国家的有效作用与经济的“落后阶段”直接相关。
Governments incur expenditures in order to fulfill the following roles in the economy: (a) to correct distortions or market failures; (b) regulate private activity that might harm society; (c) provide public goods and services (i.e. economic and social infrastructure); and (d) often engage in productive activity. Some of these activities improve economic efficiency while others reduce it. There is also considerable evidence of inefficiency in the public provision of goods and services. However, the nature and extent of government involvement in the economy varies significantly between the developed industrial market economies and the developing world, particularly the low-income economies. Historically, government in the developing economies have exercised relatively greater control and direction over their economies in all the above categories, while public sector involvement in the developed economies has remained largely confined to the provision of public goods and services, regulatory functions and the management of income-maintenance programmes. Citing historical evidence, a number of leading economists have argued that government size has had no impact, one way or another, on economic performance of industrial market economies. For the low-income economies the evidence, though mixed, points more towards a positive overall impact of government on growth performance. The present exercise, using a simple growth-modeling framework and a longer span of time-series data, produces additional evidence in support of the above propositions. Moreover, this study seems to confirm the Gerschenkron hypothesis that an effective role of the state is directly linked with the ‘stage of backwardness’ of the economy.