Top-down modulation of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats
Top-down modulation of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.02.001
复制
发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Wu, Yanhong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Liang;Du, Yi;Wu, Yanhong
脉冲前抑制（PPI）是指在突然强烈的触电刺激之前不久出现较弱的非触电感觉刺激（脉冲前）时，惊吓反射的衰减。PPI反映了减少对预脉冲信号处理的破坏性影响的保护功能，被认为是感觉运动的一种模型。在人类中，PPI受到对预脉冲的注意和情绪反应的调节，这表明这种早期的门控是由高阶认知过程自上而下调节的。最近的研究证实了动物PPI的自上而下调节，因为大鼠的PPI通过听觉恐惧条件反射和感知到恐惧条件反射前脉冲和掩蔽物之间的分离而增强。本文综述了最近在人类和大鼠中进行的自上而下调节PPI的研究。由于精神分裂症患者的PPI基线和PPI注意调节均受损，隔离饲养大鼠的PPI基线和PPI条件调节均受损，本综述强调，研究PPI自上而下调节对于建立研究精神分裂症认知特征和神经基础的新动物模型至关重要。本文还讨论了注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）患者或ADHD模型大鼠的PPI基线缺陷或PPI注意调节缺陷。2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex when the sudden intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker, non-startling sensory stimulus (prepulse). PPI reflects a protective function of reducing disruptive influences to the processing of prepulse signals and is recognized as a model of sensorimotorgating. In humans, PPI is modulated by both attentional and emotional responses to prepulse, indicating that this early-stage gating is top-down modulated by higher-order cognitive processes. Recent studies have confirmed top-down modulation of PPI in animals, because PPI in rats is enhanced by auditory fear conditioning and perceived separation between fear-conditioned prepulse and masker. This review summarizes recent studies of top-down modulation of PPI conducted in humans and those in rats. Since both baseline PPI and attentional modulation of PPI in patients with schizophrenia are impaired, and both baseline PPI and conditional modulation of PPI in rats with isolation rearing are impaired, this review emphasizes that investigation of top-down modulation of PPI is critical for establishing new animal models for studying both cognitive features and neural bases of schizophrenia. Deficits in either baseline PPI or attentional modulation of PPI in either patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD-modeling rats are also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.