Army ants in four forests: geographic variation in raid rates and species composition.
Army ants in four forests: geographic variation in raid rates and species composition.
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四种森林中的行军蚁：袭击率和物种组成的地理差异。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
M. Kaspari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. O’Donnell;J. Lattke;S. Powell;M. Kaspari
1.新世界行军蚁是热带森林凋落物中的顶级捕食者，但对整个组合的活动和物种组成的变化没有全面的研究。我们使用标准化的协议，估计觅食突袭率和物种组成的行军蚁群落在四个新热带森林。研究地点跨越大约10个纬度，中美洲和南美洲各有两个地点。2.我们一共记录了22种行军蚁。这四个网站不同的观察和估计的物种丰富度。物种重叠是最高的中美洲网站之间，最低的南美洲网站之间。3.各地点的袭击活动差异很大。在最活跃的地点（Sta.委内瑞拉玛丽亚）比在最不活跃的网站（巴罗科罗拉多岛，巴拿马）。此外，每个站点显示出不同的昼夜活动模式。例如，在哥斯达黎加，袭击活动在白天更频繁，在委内瑞拉，袭击活动在夜间更频繁。袭击活动与环境温度的关系也有显着不同的网站。4.行军蚁通过1m（2）地块的总体袭击率为每天0.73次袭击，但因地点而异，从每天0次袭击（巴拿马）到每天1.2次袭击（委内瑞拉）。5.原始的地下物种在委内瑞拉显着更丰富，地上觅食，形成大型群锋在巴拿马最不丰富。在物种丰富度和昼夜活动模式的网站异质性有影响的行军蚁共生体，包括蚂蚁以下的鸟类，并为这些顶级捕食者猎杀的动物。
1. The New World army ants are top predators in the litter of tropical forest, but no comprehensive studies exist on variation in assemblage-wide activity and species composition. We used standardized protocols to estimate foraging raid rates and species composition of army ant communities in four Neotropical forests. The study sites spanned approximately 10 degrees latitude, with two sites each in Central and South America. 2. We recorded a total of 22 species of army ants. The four sites varied in observed and estimated species richness. Species overlap was highest between the Central American sites, and lowest between the South American sites. 3. Raid activity varied significantly among sites. Raid activity per kilometre of trail walks was over four times higher at the most active site (Sta. Maria, Venezuela) than at the least active site (Barro Colorado Island, Panama). Furthermore, each site showed a different diel pattern of activity. For example, raid activity was higher during daylight hours in Costa Rica, and higher at night in Venezuela. Raid activity relationships with ambient temperature also varied significantly among sites. 4. The overall rate of army ant raids passing through 1 m(2) plots was 0.73 raids per day, but varied among sites, from 0 raids per day (Panama) to 1.2 raids per day (Venezuela). 5. Primarily subterranean species were significantly more abundant in Venezuela, and above-ground foragers that form large swarm fronts were least abundant in Panama. The site heterogeneity in species abundance and diel activity patterns has implications for army ant symbionts, including ant-following birds, and for the animals hunted by these top predators.