The measurement of volume changes in human limbs
The measurement of volume changes in human limbs
复制标题
测量人体四肢体积变化
DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp004926
复制
发表时间：
1953
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. J. Whitney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. J. Whitney
人体四肢或四肢部分的体积变化测量在许多生理学和临床研究中现已被视为一种有价值的技术。近期对测量中所采用的各种方法进行了综述（波特，1948年）。体积描记法在血管舒缩反应的研究中已被证明特别有用，并且与静脉阻断法相结合，已成为估算人体外周血流量的标准方法。尽管在过去的二三十年中体积描记法技术有了许多改进，但目前的操作方法基本上仍然基于舍费尔和摩尔（1896年）最初设计的系统，随后休利特和范兹瓦卢文堡（1909年）将其应用于人体四肢测量。在该系统中，四肢或其一部分被密封在一个刚性的套套内，这样被封闭部分的体积变化将导致填充四肢和套套之间空间的液体产生相应的体积位移。充满水或空气的密封空间通过空气或水管线与体积记录仪相连。从现有的大量关于该技术应用的文献来看，很明显它总是存在以下一些缺点和局限性：（a）该仪器往往很笨重。（b）将四肢密封在套套内会产生问题，因为必须在不明显压迫组织的情况下实现完美的水密或气密密封，并且密封必须安排得当，以使被封闭四肢的体积变化导致填充套套的液体产生等效的体积位移。（c）在任何连续的体积变化记录过程中，四肢与其套套之间不能有相对运动。因此，受试者在很大程度上被固定住了，并且记录与正常肌肉活动相关的体积变化的可能性非常有限。（d）空气或水 -
The measurement of volume changes in the limbs or in portions of the limbs of man is now recognized as a valuable technique in many physiological and clinical investigations. The various methods employed in the measurement have been recently reviewed (Potter, 1948). Volume plethysmography has proved particularly useful in investigations on vasomotor response and, combined with the venous occlusion procedure, has become the standard method for estimating peripheral blood flow in man. Although there have been many refinements to the technique of volume plethysmography during the past 20 or 30 years, the current procedure is still based essentially on the system originally devised by Schaifer & Moore (1896) and subsequently adapted to human limb measurements by Hewlett & van Zwaluwenburg (1909). In this system, the limb, or a segment of it, is sealed in a rigid jacket so that volume changes of the enclosed part will cause corresponding volume displacements of the fluid filling the space between the limb and the jacket. The sealed space, filled with either water or air, is connected to a volume recorder by an airor water-line. It is apparent, from the extensive literature which now exists on the application of this technique, that it must always suffer from some of the following disadvantages and limitations: (a) The apparatus tends to be cumbersome. (b) The sealing of the limb within the jacket gives rise to problems, for a perfect wateror air-tight seal must be achieved without appreciable constriction of the tissues and the seal must be arranged so that the volume change of the limb enclosed results in an equivalent volume displacement of the fluid filling the jacket. (c) During any continuous record of volume change there must be no relative movement between the limb and its jacket. The subject is, therefore, largely immobilized, and the possibilities of recording volume changes in relation to normal muscular activity are very limited. (d) The airor water-