A simple three-cylinder radiometer and low-speed anemometer to characterize human extreme heat exposure
A simple three-cylinder radiometer and low-speed anemometer to characterize human extreme heat exposure
复制标题
一个简单的三筒辐射计和低速风速计来表征人体极端高温暴露
DOI：
10.1007/s00484-024-02646-0
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Barlett, Riley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rykaczewski, Konrad;Joshi, Ankit;Viswanathan, Shri H.;Guddanti, Sai S.;Sadeghi, Kambiz;Gupta, Mahima;Jaiswal, Ankush K.;Kompally, Krishna;Pathikonda, Gokul;Barlett, Riley
随着城市地区人口和气温的增加，越来越多的人面临酷热，并且面临越来越大的不良健康风险。辐射占人体热暴露的大部分，但由于缺乏经济高效且准确的传感器，很少用作热量指标。为此，我们将三球辐射计风速计的概念与圆柱形人体形状表示相融合，这比球形表示更真实。使用具有成本效益且易于获得的材料，我们制造了具有不同表面特性的三个圆柱体的两种组合。这些简单的设备测量对流系数以及短波和长波辐射通量。在 2023 年 7 月亚利桑那州坦佩创纪录的热浪期间，我们在风洞和 14 个室外地点测试了这些设备。使用研究级三向网络辐射计和三缸设置测量的行人平均辐射温度 (MRT) 之间的平均差异为 0.43.0 °C (1 SD)。我们在具有极端 MRT 值（70°C 至 80°C）的白色屋顶站点上最多观察到 10°C MRT 差异，这将通过讨论系统的设计更改来解决。测得的传热系数可用于计算2 m·s−1以下的风速；因此，三个圆筒组合起来也可用作低速风速计。这种新颖的装置可用于经济实惠的生物气象站，并部署在城市景观中，以建立与人类相关的热传感网络。
As populations and temperatures of urban areas swell, more people face extreme heat and are at increasing risk of adverse health outcomes. Radiation accounts for much of human heat exposure but is rarely used as heat metric due to a lack of cost-effective and accurate sensors. To this end, we fuse the concepts of a three-globe radiometer-anemometer with a cylindrical human body shape representation, which is more realistic than a spherical representation. Using cost-effective and readily available materials, we fabricated two combinations of three cylinders with varying surface properties. These simple devices measure the convection coefficient and the shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes. We tested the devices in a wind tunnel and at fourteen outdoor sites during July 2023’s record-setting heat wave in Tempe, Arizona. The average difference between pedestrian-level mean radiant temperature (MRT) measured using research-grade 3-way net radiometers and the three-cylinder setup was 0.43.0 °C (1 SD). At most, we observed a 10 °C MRT difference on a white roof site with extreme MRT values (70 °C to 80 °C), which will be addressed through discussed design changes to the system. The measured heat transfer coefficient can be used to calculate wind speed below 2 m·s−1; thus, the three cylinders combined also serve as a low-speed anemometer. The novel setup could be used in affordable biometeorological stations and deployed across urban landscapes to build human-relevant heat sensing networks.