The impact of vegetation types on air and surface temperatures in a temperate city: A fine scale assessment in Manchester, UK
The impact of vegetation types on air and surface temperatures in a temperate city: A fine scale assessment in Manchester, UK
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.09.012
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
C. Skelhorn;S. Lindley;G. Levermore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Skelhorn;S. Lindley;G. Levermore
随着城市化进程的加快以及预计气候变化情景下热浪频率增加的预测，提出的一项解决城市地区适应和缓解问题的策略是增加绿地的使用。许多研究通过使用经验、分析方法或数值方法来分析该策略。这些往往侧重于城市或区域规模的土地利用变化，仅对绿地类型进行广泛的分类。这项研究测试了可能在街区或社区层面应用的七种绿地场景，以及通过在英格兰西北部的温带城市进行此类应用可以实现的小气候变化。该研究以英国曼彻斯特的一个郊区商业场所为案例研究区域，利用城市微气候模型 ENVI-met 来比较 2010 年 7 月温暖夏日的空气和地表温度变化（比农村参考 7 月平均最高气温高出约 4°C）。该模型表明，即使在温带城市的郊区，成熟落叶树的数量增加 5% 也可以使夏季的每小时平均地表温度降低 1°C。中午气温显着升高 3.2°C，这是针对用沥青取代所有现有植被的最坏情况进行建模的。
With increasing urbanisation and predictions of increased frequency of heat waves under projected climate change scenarios, one strategy that has been suggested to address both adaptation and mitigation for urban areas is the increased use of greenspace. A number of studies have analysed this strategy through the use of empirical, analytical methods, or numerical methods. These tend to focus on city or regional scale changes in land use with only a broad categorisation of greenspace type. This study tests seven greenspace scenarios that might be applied at a block or neighbourhood level and the resulting microclimate changes that can be achieved through such applications for a temperate city in northwest England. Using a suburban commercial site in Manchester, UK as the case study area, the research utilises the urban microclimate model ENVI-met to compare the changes in air and surface temperatures on a warm summer day in July 2010 (approximately 4 °C above the rural reference July average maximum temperature). The modelling demonstrates that even in suburban areas in temperate cities a 5% increase in mature deciduous trees can reduce mean hourly surface temperatures by 1 °C over the course of a summer's day. A marked increase in air temperature of 3.2 °C at mid-day is modelled for the worst case scenario of replacing all current vegetation with asphalt.