Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats' exceptional longevity.
Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats' exceptional longevity.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.aao0926
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Teeling EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foley NM;Hughes GM;Huang Z;Clarke M;Jebb D;Whelan CV;Petit EJ;Touzalin F;Farcy O;Jones G;Ransome RD;Kacprzyk J;O'Connell MJ;Kerth G;Rebelo H;Rodrigues L;Puechmaille SJ;Teeling EC
在寿命最长的蝙蝠中，端粒不会随着年龄的增长而缩短。了解衰老是生物学上的一大挑战。超长寿命的动物有着支撑超长寿命的机制。端粒是染色体顶端的保护性核苷酸重复序列，随着细胞分裂而缩短，可能会限制寿命。就体型而言，蝙蝠是最长寿的哺乳动物，但它们的端粒是否会缩短尚不清楚。利用近60年的累积标记-再捕获野外数据，我们发现端粒随着年龄的增长而缩短，而最长寿命的蝙蝠属Myotis则没有。和人类一样，端粒酶在肌炎患者的血液或成纤维细胞中不表达。端粒维持基因的选择测试表明，修复和预防DNA损伤的ATM和SETX可能介导了Myotis蝙蝠的端粒动力学。21个端粒维持基因在Myotis中差异表达，其中14个富集于DNA修复，5个富集于其他端粒延长机制。我们展示了端粒、端粒酶和DNA修复基因如何促进了Myotis蝙蝠超长寿命的进化，促进了我们对健康衰老的理解。
Telomeres do not shorten with age in longest-lived bats. Understanding aging is a grand challenge in biology. Exceptionally long-lived animals have mechanisms that underpin extreme longevity. Telomeres are protective nucleotide repeats on chromosome tips that shorten with cell division, potentially limiting life span. Bats are the longest-lived mammals for their size, but it is unknown whether their telomeres shorten. Using >60 years of cumulative mark-recapture field data, we show that telomeres shorten with age in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Miniopterus schreibersii, but not in the bat genus with greatest longevity, Myotis. As in humans, telomerase is not expressed in Myotis myotis blood or fibroblasts. Selection tests on telomere maintenance genes show that ATM and SETX, which repair and prevent DNA damage, potentially mediate telomere dynamics in Myotis bats. Twenty-one telomere maintenance genes are differentially expressed in Myotis, of which 14 are enriched for DNA repair, and 5 for alternative telomere-lengthening mechanisms. We demonstrate how telomeres, telomerase, and DNA repair genes have contributed to the evolution of exceptional longevity in Myotis bats, advancing our understanding of healthy aging.
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