Examining motor evidence for the pause-then-cancel model of action-stopping: Insights from motor system physiology.
Examining motor evidence for the pause-then-cancel model of action-stopping: Insights from motor system physiology.
复制标题
检查动作停止的暂停然后取消模型的运动证据：来自运动系统生理学的见解。
DOI：
10.1101/2024.01.30.577976
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Wessel,JanR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tatz,JoshuaR;Carlson,MadelineO;Lovig,Carson;Wessel,JanR
停止启动的动作是适应性行为的基础。长期以来，单过程的行动停止帐户已受到挑战，最近，两个过程，“暂停然后取消”模型。这些模型提出，动作停止涉及两个抑制过程：1）快速的抑制过程，它广泛地抑制运动系统作为检测任何突出事件的结果，和2）较慢的取消过程，它涉及特定于被取消的动作的运动抑制。一个声称的签名的活动过程是全球抑制，或降低皮质脊髓兴奋性（CSE）的任务无关的效应器早期的行动停止。然而，与取消过程不同的是，已经识别出很少（如果有的话）取消过程的运动系统特征。在这里，我们使用单脉冲和双脉冲经颅磁刺激（TMS）方法，全面测量在动作停止过程中的响应和任务无关的运动效应器系统的局部生理兴奋和抑制。具体来说，我们测量了CSE，短间隔皮质内抑制（SICI），和皮质沉默期（CSP）的持续时间。与暂停然后取消模型的关键预测一致，响应效应器的CSE测量结果表明，在动作停止期间，特别是在稍后的时间点，需要额外的抑制来抵消Go相关的CSE增加。停止信号试验中SICI的增加在任务相关和任务无关效应器之间或在时间点之间没有差异。这表明SICI是全球抑制的潜在来源。停止信号试验中CSP持续时间的增加在随后的时间点更为显著，并且与CSE的个体差异相关。我们的研究从运动系统生理学中提供了进一步的证据，证明多个抑制过程影响动作停止。新&值得注意的是，目前的争论围绕着单过程模型还是双过程模型更好地解释了人类的动作停止能力。我们发现，运动抑制一个成功停止肌肉遵循一个不同的时间过程相比，当相同的肌肉是无关的停止任务。我们的研究结果进一步表明，不同的局部抑制神经元群体有助于这些独特的抑制来源。我们的研究提供了运动系统生理学的证据，多个抑制过程影响动作停止。
Stopping initiated actions is fundamental to adaptive behavior. Longstanding, single-process accounts of action-stopping have been challenged by recent, two-process, “pause-then-cancel” models. These models propose that action-stopping involves two inhibitory processes:1) a fast Pause process, which broadly suppresses the motor system as the result of detecting any salient event, and2) a slower Cancel process, which involves motor suppression specific to the cancelled action. A purported signature of the Pause process is global suppression, or the reduced corticospinal excitability (CSE) of task-unrelated effectors early on in action-stopping. However, unlike the Pause process, few (if any) motor system signatures of a Cancel process have been identified. Here, we used single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods to comprehensively measure the local physiological excitation and inhibition of both responding and task-unrelated motor effector systems during action-stopping. Specifically, we measured CSE, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and the duration of the cortical silent period (CSP). Consistent with key predictions from the pause-then-cancel model, CSE measurements at the responding effector indicated that additional suppression was necessary to counteract Go-related increases in CSE during action-stopping, particularly at later timepoints. Increases in SICI on Stop-signal trials did not differ across task-related and task-unrelated effectors, or across timepoints. This suggests SICI as a potential source of global suppression. Increases in CSP duration on Stop-signal trials were more prominent at later timepoints and were related to individual differences in CSE. Our study provides further evidence from motor system physiology that multiple inhibitory processes influence action-stopping.NEW & NOTEWORTHYCurrent debate surrounds whether single- or dual-process models better account for human action-stopping ability. We show that motor suppression of a successfully stopped muscle follows a distinct time course compared with when that same muscle is unrelated to the stopping task. Our results further suggest that distinct local inhibitory neuron populations contribute to these unique sources of suppression. Our study provides evidence from motor system physiology that multiple inhibitory processes influence action-stopping.