Rewilding abandoned landscapes in Europe.
Rewilding abandoned landscapes in Europe.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10021-012-9558-7
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pereira, H. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Navarro, L. M.;Pereira, H. M.
几千年来，人类塑造了景观，特别是通过农业。在欧洲，人类与生态系统之间古老的相互作用对文化遗产产生了巨大影响。然而，欧洲的农田现在正在被遗弃，特别是在偏远地区。传统农业景观的丧失及其对生物多样性和生态系统服务的后果正在引起科学界和公众的担忧。在这里，我们要问的是，在多大程度上可以将农田废弃视为重新野化生态系统的机会。我们分析了欧洲传统农业的看法及其对土地管理政策的影响。我们认为，与普遍看法相反，传统农业做法对环境不利，农村人口的生活水平很低。我们认为，目前的政策，以保持广泛的农业景观低估了人类劳动力需要维持这些景观和遗弃背后的社会经济驱动力的最近和未来的动态。我们研究了生态系统和人类从恢复野生化中获得的潜在利益。我们确定了可以从土地废弃和森林再生中受益的物种，以及可以提供的生态系统服务，如碳封存和娱乐。最后，我们讨论了与野化相关的挑战，包括需要保持开放的区域，火灾风险，以及人与野生动物之间的冲突。尽管存在这些挑战，我们认为，野化应该被政策制定者认识到在欧洲，特别是在边缘地区的可能的土地管理选项之一。
For millennia, mankind has shaped landscapes, particularly through agriculture. In Europe, the age-old interaction between humans and ecosystems strongly influenced the cultural heritage. Yet European farmland is now being abandoned, especially in remote areas. The loss of the traditional agricultural landscapes and its consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services is generating concerns in both the scientific community and the public. Here we ask to what extent farmland abandonment can be considered as an opportunity for rewilding ecosystems. We analyze the perceptions of traditional agriculture in Europe and their influence in land management policies. We argue that, contrary to the common perception, traditional agriculture practices were not environmentally friendly and that the standards of living of rural populations were low. We suggest that current policies to maintain extensive farming landscapes underestimate the human labor needed to sustain these landscapes and the recent and future dynamics of the socio-economic drivers behind abandonment. We examine the potential benefits for ecosystems and people from rewilding. We identify species that could benefit from land abandonment and forest regeneration and the ecosystem services that could be provided such as carbon sequestration and recreation. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with rewilding, including the need to maintain open areas, the fire risks, and the conflicts between people and wildlife. Despite these challenges, we argue that rewilding should be recognized by policy-makers as one of the possible land management options in Europe, particularly on marginal areas.