Electrophoretic Studies of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Forms of the Japanese Silver Crucian Carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii
Electrophoretic Studies of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Forms of the Japanese Silver Crucian Carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii
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日本银鲫 (Carassius auratus langsdorfii) 二倍体、三倍体和四倍体形态的电泳研究
DOI：
10.11369/jji1950.40.65
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发表时间：
1993
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通讯作者：
M. Sakaizumi
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作者：
Yasushi Shimizu;T. Oshiro;M. Sakaizumi
日本银鲫（ginbuna） Carassius auratus langsdorfii的二倍体-多倍体复合体包括二倍体两性形式、三倍体雌核形式和四倍体雌核形式。然而，多倍体的起源仍有待澄清。流式细胞分析和电泳分析表明，具有AMY-2基因双带型的日本鲫鱼均为多倍体，其中90%的多倍体具有这种双带型。其中一个条带在日本二倍体亚种中没有发现，但在朝鲜鲫鱼和金鱼中都存在。分布在日本东部太平洋沿岸的二倍体金布纳（C. auratus subsp.）产生了一个磷酸葡萄糖糖化酶诊断带。该条带在同一地区的多倍体“ginbuna”中也发现，但在其他地区的三倍体和二倍体中均未发现。肌肉乳酸脱氢酶的区域特异性分布表明，本研究的鲫鱼可分为三个类群，分别起源于日本东部的太平洋沿岸、日本东部的日本海沿岸和日本西部。这些结果表明，通过多次杂交，“银杏”多倍体形式可能是多系起源。多倍体物种在脊椎动物中很少见，但在鱼类、两栖动物和爬行动物中都有报道。在鱼类中，已知硬骨鱼的六属（Poeciliopsis、Poecilia、Carassius、Phoxinus、Rutilus和Cobitis）在自然种群中呈三倍体形式（Vrijenhoek et al., 1989）。在Cobitis和Carassius中也观察到四倍体形式。银鲫（Ginbuna），日本银鲫，广泛分布于日本（Okada and Nakamura, 1948; Kobayasi, 1982; Onozato et al., 1983）。ginbuna有三种形式；一种两性二倍体形式，有100条染色体；单性（全雌性）三倍体，有156条染色体；单性四倍体（全雌性）有206条染色体。两种单性生殖形式都通过雌性生殖繁殖（Kobayasi等，1970年，1977年；Kobayasi， 1971年；Kobayasi和Ochi， 1972年）。
The diploid-polyploid complex in the Japanese silver crucian carp (ginbuna), Carassius auratus langsdorfii, includes a diploid bisexual form, a triploid gynogenetic form and a tetraploid gynogenetic form. However, the origin of the polyploids remains to be clarified. Flow cytometric and electrophoretic analyses of Japanese crucian carp demonstrated that all the individuals with a two-banded pattern for an AMY-2 gene were polyploid, and 90% of the polyploids gave such a two-banded pattern. One of the two bands was not found in diploid subspecies in Japan but was present in both Korean crucian carp and goldfish. The diploid subspecies, kinbuna (C. auratus subsp.), which is distributed along the Pacific coast of eastern Japan, generated a diagnostic band of phosphoglucomutase. This band was also found in the polyploid" ginbuna" from the same region, but was observed in neither triploids nor diploids from other regions. The region-specific distribution of patterns of muscle lactic dehydrogenases indicated that the crucian carp examined in the present study could be divided into three groups, which originated, respectively, from the Pacific coast of eastern Japan, the Sea of Japan coast of eastern Japan, and western Japan. These results suggest a possible polyphyletic origin of polyploid forms of" ginbuna" via multiple hybridizations.Polyploid species are rare amongst vertebrates but have been reported in fish, amphibians and reptiles. In fish, a triploid form in natural populations is known in six genera of teleosts, namely, Poeciliopsis, Poecilia, Carassius, Phoxinus, Rutilus, and Cobitis (Vrijenhoek et al., 1989). A tetraploid form has also been observed in Cobitis and Carassius. Ginbuna, the Japanese silver crucian carp, is widely distributed in Japan (Okada and Nakamura, 1948; Kobayasi, 1982; Onozato et al., 1983). There are three forms of ginbuna; a bisexual diploid form with 100 chromosomes; a unisexual (all-female) triploid form with 156 chromosomes; and a unisexual tetraploid (all-female) form with 206 chromosomes. Both unisexual forms reproduce by gynogenesis (Kobayasi et al., 1970, 1977; Kobayasi, 1971; Kobayasi and Ochi, 1972).
Sakaizumi,M.et al.：“东亚稻属物种间和种内杂交中减数分裂分离的电泳研究”。
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