Land Change Regimes and the Evolution of the Maize-Cattle Complex in Neoliberal Mexico
Land Change Regimes and the Evolution of the Maize-Cattle Complex in Neoliberal Mexico
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新自由主义墨西哥的土地变化制度和玉米牛复合体的演变
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Warf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yankuic M. Galván;R. Walker;B. Warf
全球化如何影响原生土地覆盖已成为处理环境变化的研究中的一个重要问题，这引起了人们对远距离工作的因果过程的明确关注。文献表明，全球化通过移徙和汇款等人口和经济现象，构成毁林和森林过渡的重要根本驱动因素。然而，关于全球力量如何塑造农业商品生产的空间结构，以及这如何影响民族国家边界内影响中观尺度土地变化的力量的平衡，人们知之甚少。本文提出的研究通过考察墨西哥的生产网络来填补这一空白。墨西哥是经合组织的一个大国，有着复杂的土地变化动态，最近经历了对世界经济的戏剧性开放。具体地说，我们考虑了玉米和牛肉商品链在过去几十年如何演变成高度相互依存的玉米-牛复合体，并建议将其与国家范围内的土地变化模式联系起来。利用1993年、2002年和2012年的全国土地覆盖图、政府统计数据和数据集、对主要信息者的采访和田间观察，本文分析了新自由主义改革对牛肉和玉米生产地理变化的影响，并认为这一过程是北美自由贸易协定改革前后墨西哥土地变化制度演变的基础。因此，这篇文章介绍了远程联系是如何由空间上广泛的粮食生产网络构成这一主题的，并提出了进一步研究的案例。
How globalization impacts native land cover has become an important issue in studies addressing environmental change, which draw explicit attention to processes of cause and effect operating over significant distances. The literature shows that globalization constitutes an important underlying driver of both deforestation and forest transition via demographic and economic phenomena such as migration and remittance flows. Yet, little is known about how global forces mold the spatial structure of agro-commodity production and how this impacts the balance of forces affecting land change at the meso-scale, within the boundaries of the nation-state. The research presented here fills this gap by examining production networks for Mexico, a large OECD country with complex land change dynamics that has recently experienced a dramatic opening to the world economy. Specifically, we consider how maize and beef commodity chains evolved over the past few decades into a highly interdependent maize-cattle complex, and suggest linkages to patterns of land change at the national scale. Using land cover maps for 1993, 2002, and 2012, at the national scale, governmental statistics and datasets, interviews with key informants, and field observations the article provides an analysis of the impact of neoliberal reforms on the changing geography of beef and maize production, and argues that this process underlies the evolution of Mexico’s land change regime, both before and after the NAFTA reforms. As such, the article presents an account, and a case for further research on the topic of how teleconnections are constituted by spatially-extensive food production networks.