Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants.
Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants.
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DOI：
10.1097/cm9.0000000000002108
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发表时间：
2022-02-09
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Chen W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xia C;Dong X;Li H;Cao M;Sun D;He S;Yang F;Yan X;Zhang S;Li N;Chen W
美国的癌症负担逐渐下降。然而，中国正在经历癌症特征的转变，以前在美国更常见的癌症发病率更高。这项研究比较了中国和美国之间最新的癌症概况，趋势和决定因素。这是一项使用开源数据的比较研究。2022年的癌症病例和死亡人数是使用GLOBOCAN 2020的癌症估计和联合国的人口估计计算的。美国癌症发病率和死亡率的趋势使用了来自监测、流行病学和最终结果计划以及国家卫生统计中心的数据。中国数据来自癌症登记报告。来自2019年全球疾病负担的数据和分解方法被用来将癌症死亡表示为四个决定性因素的产物。于二零二二年，中国及美国将分别有约4，820，000及2，370，000例新发癌症病例，以及3，210，000及640，000例癌症死亡。最常见的癌症是中国的肺癌和美国的乳腺癌，肺癌是两者癌症死亡的主要原因。最近，美国肺癌和结直肠癌的标准化发病率和死亡率显著下降，但肝癌的发病率略有上升。胃癌、肝癌和食管癌在中国的发病率逐渐下降，但结直肠癌在整个人群中的发病率、男性前列腺癌和其他七种癌症在女性中的发病率有所上升。成年人口规模的增加和人口老龄化是癌症死亡人数增加的主要决定因素，病死率有助于减少这两个国家的癌症死亡人数。肝、胃和食管的癌症负担下降，而肺、结直肠、乳腺和前列腺的癌症负担增加，这意味着中国和美国的癌症特征正在趋同。人口老龄化是癌症负担增加的一个越来越重要的决定因素。美国在癌症预防和护理方面的进展，以及积极应对人口老龄化的措施，可能有助于中国减轻癌症负担。
The cancer burden in the United States of America (USA) has decreased gradually. However, China is experiencing a transition in its cancer profiles, with greater incidence of cancers that were previously more common in the USA. This study compared the latest cancer profiles, trends, and determinants between China and USA. This was a comparative study using open-source data. Cancer cases and deaths in 2022 were calculated using cancer estimates from GLOBOCAN 2020 and population estimates from the United Nations. Trends in cancer incidence and mortality rates in the USA used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and National Center for Health Statistics. Chinese data were obtained from cancer registry reports. Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 and a decomposition method were used to express cancer deaths as the product of four determinant factors. In 2022, there will be approximately 4,820,000 and 2,370,000 new cancer cases, and 3,210,000 and 640,000 cancer deaths in China and the USA, respectively. The most common cancers are lung cancer in China and breast cancer in the USA, and lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer and colorectal cancer in the USA have decreased significantly recently, but rates of liver cancer have increased slightly. Rates of stomach, liver, and esophageal cancer decreased gradually in China, but rates have increased for colorectal cancer in the whole population, prostate cancer in men, and other seven cancer types in women. Increases in adult population size and population aging were major determinants for incremental cancer deaths, and case-fatality rates contributed to reduced cancer deaths in both countries. The decreasing cancer burden in liver, stomach, and esophagus, and increasing burden in lung, colorectum, breast, and prostate, mean that cancer profiles in China and the USA are converging. Population aging is a growing determinant of incremental cancer burden. Progress in cancer prevention and care in the USA, and measures to actively respond to population aging, may help China to reduce the cancer burden.