Welfare Reform Data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation
Welfare Reform Data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation
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来自收入和计划参与调查的福利改革数据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Bavier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Bavier
理查德·巴维尔（Richard Bavier）是美国行政管理和预算办公室的政策分析师。所表达的观点是作者的个人观点，并不代表管理及预算局或政府当局的观点。电子邮件:Richard_B。为了应对1996年《个人责任与工作机会协调法案》（PRWO或简称福利改革）颁布前后福利案件数量的迅速下降，大量资源被投入到“离职者研究”中。这些研究跟踪了脱离福利名单的家庭的就业和收入情况。福利名单是由贫困家庭临时援助（TANF）整体拨款资助的国家项目，取代了对有受抚养子女家庭的援助（AFDC）。许多州的各种研究人员进行了离校者研究。有意为之，离校者研究无法提供任何关于可能因新的福利改革政策而被阻止或转移到福利名单上的家庭的信息。此外，离职者研究大多局限于衡量前福利接受者的个人收入，而忽略了与其他有收入的家庭成员生活在一起的人可能获得的经济利益。来自当前人口调查（CPS） 3月份年度人口统计补编的数据是关于福利改革情况的另一个早期信息来源。三月CPS的样本大，问卷详细，可得性及时，不存在离校者研究的主要局限性。所有家庭成员及其收入都包括在内，而不仅仅是领取福利的人。然而，直到2000年3月的CPS发布之前，还没有确定的方法来确定领取或退出福利的过渡。因此，利用3月份的CPS数据对福利改革进行分析，重点关注有孩子的女性家庭户主的经济地位变化——这些家庭受福利改革影响最直接。本文用收入和计划参与调查（SIPP）的初步调查结果检验了离开者研究的主要发现，包括就业率、福利回报和离开名单后的经济状况等信息。总体而言，SIPP数据支持离校者研究的结果，并提供了时间间和时间内的背景，SIPP数据也被证明与CPS数据的分布分析一致。此外，SIPP的月度数据揭示了离校者的收入如何影响3月份CPS的年收入趋势。
Richard Bavier is a policy analyst at the Office of Management and Budget. The views expressed are the author’s personal views and do not represent the views of OMB or the Administration. E-mail: Richard_B._Bavier @omb.eop.gov In response to the rapid decline in welfare caseloads before and after enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWO or simply welfare reform), considerable resources have been devoted to “leavers studies.” These tracked the employment and income of families that have left the welfare rolls–the State programs funded by the Temporary Assistance for Needy Familes (TANF) block grant that replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Leavers studies have been conducted by a variety of researchers in many States. By design, leavers studies could not provide any information about families that may have been deterred or diverted from coming onto the welfare rolls by the new welfare reform policies. In addition, the leavers studies were mostly limited to measuring the personal income of former welfare recipients, missing possible economic benefits from those living with other household members who receive income. Data from the March annual demographic supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) have been another early source of information about what is happening under welfare reform. With its large sample, detailed questionnaire, and timely availability, the March CPS does not have the major limitations of the leavers studies. All household members and their incomes are included, not just welfare leavers. However, until the March 2000 CPS, there was no sure way to identify transitions onto or off of welfare. Consequently, analysis of welfare reform, using March CPS data has focused on changes in the economic status of female family heads with children—the families most directly affected by welfare reform. This article tests key findings from the leavers studies with preliminary findings from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), including information on employment rates, returns to welfare, and the economic status of persons once they leave the rolls. Overall, SIPP data support findings from the leavers studies and also provide both interand intra-temporal context SIPP data also are shown to be consistent with distributional analysis of CPS data. Moreover, SIPP’s monthly data reveal how the income of leavers contributes to annual income trends in the March CPS.